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培养学生独立工作能力的重要步骤，是实现培养目标要求的重要阶段，是对学生综合素质与工程实践能力培养效果的全面检验，是学生毕业资格认定的重要依据。toacustomerrequestforobjective,comprehensiveinvestigation,analysis,evaluation,focusingonfactorsthatcouldaffectcreditassets,effectiveidentificationofrisks.EighthinvestigatorsshouldbebasedontheBank'screditpolicyscreening,filterinlinewiththeBank'screditscopeofcustomer,creditbusiness,shallnotentertainourprohibitionofinvolvementofclientsandcreditbusiness.Ninethsurveyaboutcustomersurveysanddataverificationshouldbebasedonfieldsurveys,andindirectsurveysasasupplement.Ifnecessary,byexternalcreditBureautoverifytheauthenticityofcustomerinformation.Articletenthcreditpre-loaninvestigationshouldbecompletedbythepersonhimself,maynotauthorizeathirdparty,exceptwhereotherwiseprovidedforbythesystemoftheBank.BranchManagermayhint,instruction,ordersignatureofinvestigationsincasesthatarenotinvolvedintheinvestigation,pre-loaninvestigationamereformality.11thpre-loaninvestigationshouldbetwoparticipants,oneperson,anotherpersonaidedperson,exceptonbusinesswithspecialprovisions.Mainandauxiliaryofficersshallbeduediligence,investigatorsasasponsorofthecreditbusiness,bearprimaryresponsibilityforcredit,istheresponsibilityofcreditbusiness.Riskmanagersparticipateinthepre-loaninvestigationworkinparallel,asadoubleinvestigation,riskmanagersheldaccountablefortheirfindings.Article12thpre-loaninvestigationofficershallgivetheiropinioninacreditreportandsignatures,findingsshouldbeclear.Onlysignedcomments,andambiguousorcontradictory,deemedtobeagreedforthecreditbusiness.13thmarketinglinesmanagementdepartmentsatalllevelstomeettheconditionsofcredit第七章领导第一节领导概述一、领导的含义与作用（一）领导的含义领导是借助组织或自身的权利对他人施加影响，并使被影响人的行为或态度发生变化，以达成组织或团体的特定目标或愿望。在这个定义中有三层意思：（1）权力在领导者和其他成员之间的分配是不平等的。（2）领导是一种艺术创造过程。（3）领导的目的是通过影响部下来达到组织目标。（二）领导职能领导职能是指指导和影响群体或组织成员的思想和行为，使其为实现组织目标而作出努力和贡献的过程或艺术。领导的职能归结起来主要是处理三方面的关系。1.处理人的关系2.处理事的关系3.处理时间的关系（三）领导的作用拿破仑认为“一只绵羊带领的一群狮子，敌不过一只狮子带领的一群绵羊”，我国也有类似的俗语“千军易得，一将难求”，可见领导者对于组织的重要程度。1.指挥引导的作用2.沟通协调的作用3.控制驾驭的作用4.激励调动的作用二、领导的权利（一）五种领导权利弗伦奇和瑞文提出了权利的五个基础或源泉：强制、奖赏、法定、专家和感召，并通过表7-1对一个人是具备一种还是多种权利基础进行了确定。表7-1权利基础的测定一个人具备一种还是多种权利基础，通过对下列问题的确定性反应就可以得到答案●这个人可以为难他人，你总是避免惹他生气。（强制性权利）培养学生独立工作能力的重要步骤，是实现培养目标要求的重要阶段，是对学生综合素质与工程实践能力培养效果的全面检验，是学生毕业资格认定的重要依据。toacustomerrequestforobjective,comprehensiveinvestigation,analysis,evaluation,focusingonfactorsthatcouldaffectcreditassets,effectiveidentificationofrisks.EighthinvestigatorsshouldbebasedontheBank'screditpolicyscreening,filterinlinewiththeBank'screditscopeofcustomer,creditbusiness,shallnotentertainourprohibitionofinvolvementofclientsandcreditbusiness.Ninethsurveyaboutcustomersurveysanddataverificationshouldbebasedonfieldsurveys,andindirectsurveysasasupplement.Ifnecessary,byexternalcreditBureautoverifytheauthenticityofcustomerinformation.Articletenthcreditpre-loaninvestigationshouldbecompletedbythepersonhimself,maynotauthorizeathirdparty,exceptwhereotherwiseprovidedforbythesystemoftheBank.BranchManagermayhint,instruction,ordersignatureofinvestigationsincasesthatarenotinvolvedintheinvestigation,pre-loaninvestigationamereformality.11thpre-loaninvestigationshouldbetwoparticipants,oneperson,anotherpersonaidedperson,exceptonbusinesswithspecialprovisions.Mainandauxiliaryofficersshallbeduediligence,investigatorsasasponsorofthecreditbusiness,bearprimaryresponsibilityforcredit,istheresponsibilityofcreditbusiness.Riskmanagersparticipateinthepre-loaninvestigationworkinparallel,asadoubleinvestigation,riskmanagersheldaccountablefortheirfindings.Article12thpre-loaninvestigationofficershallgivetheiropinioninacreditreportandsignatures,findingsshouldbeclear.Onlysignedcomments,andambiguousorcontradictory,deemedtobeagreedforthecreditbusiness.13thmarketinglinesmanagementdepartmentsatalllevelstomeettheconditionsofcredit●这个人能给他人以特殊的利益或奖赏，你知道与他关系密切大有益处。（奖赏性权利）●这个人掌握支配你的职位和责任的权利，期望你服从法规的要求。（法定性权利）●这个人的知识和经验能使你尊重他，在一些问题上你会服从于他的判断。（专家性权利）●你喜欢这个人，并乐意为他做事。（感召性权利）1.强制性权利2.奖赏性权利3.法定性权利4.专家性权利5.感召性权利前三种是职位权利或制度权利，它是因为领导者处于这个职位上才获得的权利；后两种是个人权利，它更多的是因为领导这个人，而不是因为领导者处于某一个高位上而得到下属的信任和追随。图7-1权利的来源领导的个人权利是建立在一下基础之上的：①一个人所掌握的信息和知识。②良好的工作关系。领导人要重点处理好工作中的三种关系，一是自己权利管辖范围以外的人员的关系，在缺乏常规权利的条件下努力克服阻力、谋求合作；二是与部下的关系，这需要领导人与各种复杂的人际关系打交道；三是与上司的关系，这需要领导人研究如何去管理老板。③良好的个人履历和声誉。（二）权利使用的原则1.谨慎使用原则2.廉明公正的原则奖励性权利强制性权利法定性权利专家性权利权利职务权利个人权利感召性权利培养学生独立工作能力的重要步骤，是实现培养目标要求的重要阶段，是对学生综合素质与工程实践能力培养效果的全面检验，是学生毕业资格认定的重要依据。toacustomerrequestforobjective,comprehensiveinvestigation,analysis,evaluation,focusingonfactorsthatcouldaffectcreditassets,effectiveidentificationofrisks.EighthinvestigatorsshouldbebasedontheBank'screditpolicyscreening,filterinlinewiththeBank'screditscopeofcustomer,creditbusiness,shallnotentertainourprohibitionofinvolvementofclientsandcreditbusiness.Ninethsurveyaboutcustomersurveysanddataverificationshouldbebasedonfieldsurveys,andindirectsurveysasasupplement.Ifnecessary,byexternalcreditBureautoverifytheauthenticityofcustomerinformation.Articletenthcreditpre-loaninvestigationshouldbecompletedbythepersonhimself,maynotauthorizeathirdparty,exceptwhereotherwiseprovidedforbythesystemoftheBank.BranchManagermayh