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名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做------宾语从句在句中做------表语从句在句中做------同位语从句在句中-----主语宾语表语同位语1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2.Iknowthathewillcome.3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1.为什么叫名词性从句？_______________________整个从句相当于一个名词比较:Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom2.为什么要有名词性从句？那人看了看四周.(名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望.(从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分(that除外)名词能做的成分,从句都能做从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多主语从句thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow从句引导词:1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3.Whenhewillcomeisunknown.4.Whetherheiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It主语太长了!放到句尾DetailsDetailsDetailsDetailsThat无词义,不可省略What“什么”,“所….的”2.Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere.When“什么时候”主语从句不用if位于句首It作主语的常用句型有:1.It+be+形容词+that从句2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity..)+that从句3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought..)+that从句4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen..)+that从句Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.1.真可惜我们不能去游泳.2.碰巧那天我外出了.3.他考试肯定会考好.4.据说他已告诉了她一切.注意:Itlookedthathewasright.(×)可以说:Itlooksasif….happen只有it句型Itissaid只有it句型MoreIsittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecture?()Isthatthescientistwillgiveusalecturetrue?()疑问句中应该用形式主语It句型1Whateverwedomustbeintheinterestofthepeople.()Itmustbeintheinterestofthepeoplewhateverwedo()2名词性关系代词whatever/whoever/whichever/wherever/what引导的主语从句一般放在句首√×√×改错1.Itistruewhathesaid.Whathesaidistrue.放在句首2.Isthathewillcomecertain?Isitcertainthathewillcome?问句3.Hecanswimisknowntoall.Thathecanswimisknowntoall.从句必须有引导词表语从句从句同主语从句(11个),外加asif/引导词:asthough,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.2.ThequestioniswhetherwcanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.实际情况是他从未去过农村.that一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.表语从句不用if好象看上去要下雨似的.(其实不会)asif/asthough从句常表示不真实的情况Shetalksasif/asthoughshehadbeentherebefore.她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的.又比如:4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhatitwasbefore.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.what=thethingthatMore系动词后面注意下列表语从句中where,how,why的译法1.ThisiswhereLuXunoncelived.2.Thatwashowtheywonthematch.3.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.固定句型:Thisiswhere…Thisiswhy…Thisishow….这就是…的地方这就是…的原因这就是…的方法宾语从句从句(同主语从句),增加if,可与whether引导词:互换,但不与ornot连用1.Theypretended(that)theyknewhowtodoit.他们假装知道怎么做这事。That从句做pretend的宾语我暗中想他讲的不是真话.谓语与从句之间有插入语时,that不可省略2.Ithoughttomyselfthathewasnottellingthetruth.3.Shesaid(that)shecouldn’ttellmeandthatIcouldn’tunderstand.宾语从句并列时,只省略第一个that4.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.(if)if/whether表示“是否”可以互换,五种情况只用whether:1.在介词后面2.与ornot连用3.在主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句中5.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.(if)6.Thequestioniswhetherhewillagree.(if)More1.Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.2.Idon’tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.3.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?doubt问题肯定句中用if/whether否定句中用that疑定句中用that1.Idoubt_________heistellingthetruth.2.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.3.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?4.I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.if/whetherthatthatif/whether宾语从句经常做介词的宾语1.TheSwedestoodstill,except_____hislipsmovedslightly.2.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith____shehasachieved.3.Maryalwaysthinksof____shecandomorefortheclass.4.Hewrotealetterofthanksto______helpedhim.(任何一个)5.Itdependsonifwehaveenoughtime.whetherwehaveenoughtime.介词后面不用ifthatwhathowwhoever6.Areyousorryforwhichyouhavedone?whatyouhavedone?介词后面不用which宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语1.I’mafraid(that)I’llbelate.2.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.我恐怕要迟到了.that可以省略我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.此类表语形容词有:afraidpleasedhappysatisfiedanxioussuresurprisedcertaingladaware用它们造句that从句只跟在except,but,in,besides,save五个介词后面1.Wethinkthatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguagepossible.(改用形式宾语it)2.Wehavemadethataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式宾语it)我认为学好英语是必要的.英语有句尾重心的原则IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.句尾太轻宾语宾补considerfindthinkfeelmake等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语it,宾语从句放到宾补之后Wethinkitpossiblethatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.Wehavemadeitclearthataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflife.exerciseIconsideritnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwellit不能漏correction1.Theemperorwaspleasedbywhichtheministertoldhimaboutit.2.Areyousorryforthatyouhaveannoyedhim?3.Ifindthatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingnecessary.4.Canyoudoubtifshewillsucceed?5.Iworriedaboutifmybrotherwillreturnintime.6.Shesaidthatshehasnevertoldalie.7.WillyoutellmewhenheleavesforParis?8.OurfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus.9.Itlookedthathewaswellpreparedfortheunexpectedchallenge.10.Thathesaidmovedeveryonepresent.whatitnecessarythatthisshouldbekeptsexretforthetimebeingthatshewillsucceed?whethermybrotherwillreturnintime.hadwillleave