美国文学Henry-Wadsworth-Longfellow朗费罗

HenryWadsworthLongfellow(1807-1882)朗费罗HenryWadsworthLongfellow•Life•Works•Evaluation•TheSecretoftheSeaLife•LongfellowwasborninMaine.•OneofhisgrandfatherswasastateSenatorandtheothergrandfatherhadbeenaRevolutionaryWargeneralandaCongressman.•Followinghisgraduationin1826fromBowdoinCollege,wherehewasaclassmateofNathanielHawthorne,LongfellowwenttoEuropetostudy.•WhenhereturnedtotheUnitedStatesthreeyearslater,hetaughtEuropeanlanguages,firstatBowdoinandthenatHarvard.•After18yearsofteachingatHarvard,heresignedhispositionbecausehefeltitinterferedwithhiswriting.•Duringhislifetime,19th-centurywriterHenryWadsworthLongfellowrankedasoneofthemostpopularAmericanpoets.WhileLongfellow’scontemporariespraisedhispoetryforitsclarityandsimplicity,manymoderncriticsfaulthislinesfortheirlackoforiginality.OneofLongfellow’smostlastingcontributions,however,mayhavebeentheroleheplayedinpopularizingpoetryinAmerica.Works•VoicesoftheNight1839《夜籁集》•BalladsandOtherPoems1841《歌谣及其他》•Evangeline1847《伊凡吉林》•Hiawatha《海华沙之歌》•TalesofaWaysideInn1863,1872,1873《路边酒肆的故事》•BelfryofBrugesandOtherPoems1845《布鲁茨的钟楼及其他》•“APsalmofLife”1838《人生礼赞》Evaluation•Duringthelastyearsofhislife,Longfellowreceivedmanyhonors,includinghonorarydegreesfromCambridgeandOxfordUniversitiesinEngland.•Afterhisdeath,abustofLongfellowwasplacedinthePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey—thefirstAmericantobesohonored.•Inthelate19thcentury,LongfellowwaswithoutadoubtthemostpopularAmericanpoet.Beforedeath:CambridgeandOxford2.InvitedtoWindsorbyQueenVictoria3.CalledbyrequestuponthePrinceofWales4.BreakfastingwithBritishPrimeMinister5.ElectedmemberofRussianAcademyandof6.75thbirthdaycelebratedbythenationSpanishAcademy1.ReceivinghonorarydegreesfromAfterdeathAfterhisdeath,hebecametheonlyAmericantobehonoredwithabust(半身像）inthepoet’scornerofWestminsterAbbey.•Longfellowbecameagreatteacherofthemasses.Ifhisworstfaultisthathemadepoetryseemsoeasytowritethatanyonecoulddoit,hisgreatestvirtueisthathemadepoetryseemworthreadingandworthwriting.StyleofhispoetryStylepurityDirectnesssweetnessSimplicitygentlenessmusicalitysentimentalitymoralizationCharactersMajorthemesPoetictechniquefromallwalksoflifeidealizedvisionofworldandlifetraditionalHenryWadsworthLongfellow(1807-1882)HenryWadsworthLongfellowisnotedasthemostpopularAmericanpoetofthenineteenthcentury.Hispoetryandnarrativeworksarelyricalwithaneasyrhythm,makingthemmemorable.Upliftingwithtopicstheeverymancanrelateto,Longfellow'spoetryhumsinpeople'smindslikeafavoritesong.TherearetworeasonsforthepopularityandsignificanceofLongfellow'spoetry.First,hehadthegiftofeasyrhyme.Hewrotepoetryasabirdsings,withnaturalgraceandmelody.Readorheardonceortwice,hisrhymeandmetersclingtothemindlongafterthesensemaybeforgotten.Second,Longfellowwroteonobviousthemeswhichappealtoallkindsofpeople.Hispoemsareeasilyunderstood;theysingtheirwayintotheconsciousnessofthosewhoreadthem.Aboveall,thereisajoyousnessinthem,aspiritofoptimismandfaithinthegoodnessoflifewhichevokesimmediateresponseintheemotionsofhisreaders.AmericansoweagreatdebttoLongfellowbecausehewasamongthefirstofAmericanwriterstousenativethemes.HewroteabouttheAmericansceneandlandscape,theAmericanIndian('SongofHiawatha'),andAmericanhistoryandtradition('TheCourtshipofMilesStandish','Evangeline').Atthebeginningofthe19thcentury,Americawasastumblingbabeasfarasacultureofitsownwasconcerned.ThepeopleofAmericahadspenttheiryearsandtheirenergiesincarvingahabitationoutofthewildernessandinfightingforindependence.Literature,art,andmusiccamemainlyfromEuropeandespeciallyfromEngland.NothingwasconsideredworthyofattentionunlessitcamefromEurope.ButthefloweringofNewEngland,asVanWyckBrookstermstheperiodfrom1815to1865,tookplaceinLongfellow'sday,andhemadeagreatcontributiontoit.HelivedwhengiantswalkedtheNewEnglandearth,giantsofintellectandfeelingwhoestablishedtheNewLandasasourceofgreatness.NathanielHawthorne,RalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,OliverWendellHolmes,andWilliamPrescottwereafewofthegreatmindsandspiritsamongwhomLongfellowtookhisplaceasasingerandasarepresentativeofAmerica.Washeagreatpoet?Hewascertainlyagrandpoet,andinthepublicmindthegrandestofhisdayandage.NoAmericanpoetofanyera,it'ssafetosay,hasbeenbothasawesomelyprolificandprodigiouslypopular.IfWaltWhitman,hisyoungercontemporarybyadozenyears,isenshrinedasthefoundingfatherofmodernAmericanpoetry,Longfellowdeservesnolessthantoberememberedasthenativebardwhogavemythicdimensiontothecountry'shistoricalimagination,anationalpoetofepicsweepandsolemnfeelingwhocamealongrightatthemomentwhentheemergingnationhadthemostneedforone.Conclusion1Lifeisreal!Lifeisearnest!Andthegraveisnotitsgoal.3Trustonfuture,howeverpleasant!LetthedeadPastburyitsdead!Act,--actinthegloriouspresent!2Notenjoyment,andnotsorrow,Isourdestinedendorway,Buttoact,thateachtomorrow.大海的奥秘〖美〗亨利．沃兹沃思．朗费罗作/李正平译啊！我有一种多麽美妙的幻觉，每当我极目凝望海洋，所有昔日的浪漫传奇和我的梦境，都又重新回到我的心房。丝绸锦帆和薄绢缆绳，象古代传说一样闪烁发光；那些水手们引吭高歌，传来回声在岸边飘荡。尤其是那首西班牙民歌，常常激起我的联翩遐想，那是关于高贵的阿纳多斯伯爵和那个水手的神秘的歌唱。象浩淼的波涛席卷了海滩，沙砾在水中泛着银光，伴随那轻柔而单调的节奏，流动着无韵的抒情诗行；它描述了阿纳多斯伯爵，他的雄鹰栖落在他的手上，他看见一艘富丽堂皇的船只，正朝往陆地驶向前方；还描述他听见那位年迈的舵手唱的歌粗犷而又嘹亮，随航的海鸟听了