OLEDs--An-Introduction-To-The-Other-Solid-State-Li

10/5/15ForReferenceofNECA2015SanFranciscoAttendeesOnly1OLEDs:AnIntroductionToTheOtherSolid-StateLightingTechnologyOLEDs:AnIntroductionToTheOtherSolid-StateLightingTechnologyDr.JohnW.CurranPresident,LEDTransformations,LLCOnbehalfoftheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyandNETLMorgantown;Reproduction,distribution,displayanduseofthepresentationwithoutwrittenpermissionofLEDTransformations,LLCisprohibited.Thissessioniseligiblefor1ContinuingEducationHourand1ContactHour.Toearnthesehoursyoumust:HaveyourbadgescannedatthedoorAttend90%ofthispresentationFillouttheonlineevaluationforthissession©2015LEDTransformations,LLC10/5/15ForReferenceofNECA2015SanFranciscoAttendeesOnly2CourseDescriptionUptonow,LEDshavereceivedallthepresswhenitcomestolightingdiscussions.However,thereissecondmemberofthesolid-statelightingfamilythatisstartingtoattractattention.OrganicLightEmittingDiodes,orOLEDs,arebeginningtomovefromhighpricednoveltyproductstomoremainstreamilluminationsolutions.Theyarenowevenavailableinsomebigboxstores.OLEDsoffernewandexcitingcapabilitieswherethelightbecomestheluminaire.Inthispresentation,Dr.Curranwillprovideanintroductionforthoseunfamiliarwiththetechnology.IncludedwillbeacomparisonofwithLEDs,highlightingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesthatOLEDsoffer,aswellaswhatthefutureholdsforthisuniquetechnology.LearningObjectives1.AttendeeswilllearnhowOLEDsfunctionandthefundamentaldifferencesbetweenOLEDandLEDtechnology2.PerformancecomparisonsbetweenLEDsandOLEDwillbepresentedallowingattendeestoplanwhereOLEDscouldbeanappropriatechoiceforfuturefacilitiesprojects3.UnderstandinghowOLEDsuniquepropertiescanchangethedesignoffacilitiesintermsoflighting4.TheaestheticcharacteristicsofOLEDswillbediscussed,sothatfacilitiesmanagerscanunderstandtheappealofthetechnologytoarchitectsandlightingdesigners.10/5/15ForReferenceofNECA2015SanFranciscoAttendeesOnly3IntroductionWhatareOLEDsUniqueFeaturesWhatmakesOLEDsdifferentfromotherlightsources?ComparisonAdvantagesanddisadvantagesofOLEDandLEDtechnologiesApplicationsExamplesofOLEDdesignOutlineSource:GESource:YoleDevelopmentTheFutureExpandedgrowthascostscomedownIntroductionSouce:YoleDevelopment10/5/15ForReferenceofNECA2015SanFranciscoAttendeesOnly4IntroductionLuxResearch$58Mby2020NanoMarkets$1.4Bby2019UBIResearch$4.7Bby202001,0002,0003,0004,0005,000201520162017201820192020Salesin$MUS)YearOLEDLightingMarketOLEDMarketForecastsWidelyvaryingprojectionsSource:UBIResearchIntroduction10/5/15ForReferenceofNECA2015SanFranciscoAttendeesOnly5DownconvertingPhosphorBlueLED+YAGCoolWhiteBlueLED+YAG+Otherphosphor(red,green,etc.)WarmWhiteUVLED+Redphosphor+Greenphosphor+BluephosphorIntroductionHowDoesanLEDCreateWhiteLight?InGaNDiePhosphorConventionCoatingConformalCoating400450500550600650700750WavelengthCoolWhiteLEDSpectraBlueDieYellowPhosphorAnOLEDororganiclight-emittingdiodeisasemiconductordevicewhichconsistsofanelectroluminescentorganiclayer(s)sandwichedbetweentwoelectrodes,atleastoneofwhichistransparent.Thedeviceisfabricatedbysequentiallydepositingorganiclayersonaconductingsubstratefollowedbyanotherconductingelectrode.Acommondevicestructurecomprisesaglasssubstratecoatedwithindiumtinoxide(ITO)astransparentanodeandathin,opaquemetalfilmascathode.Typicallayerseparationis100nmIntroductionWhatisanOLED?TransparentanodeReflectivecathodeOrganiclayer(s)DirectionoflightoutputAlayercakewithathicknesslessthanthatofahumanhair10/5/15ForReferenceofNECA2015SanFranciscoAttendeesOnly6ThemajorelementsofanOLEDdeviceconsistofthefollowing:SubstratethesupportmaterialthatformsthebaseoftheOLED;itcanbeofglass,metalorplastic;BackplanethecircuitrythatprovidesthepowerthatdrivestheOLEDpanel(simpleforlighting,complexfordisplays);OrganiclayerstheactualOLEDmaterials;phosphorescentandfluorescentmaterialsthatconvertelectricalenergyintovisiblelightenergy;Encapsulationtheprotectivelayersthatpreventmoistureandoxygenfromcontaminatingtheorganic(lightproducing)layersoftheOLED.IntroductionWhatisanOLED?ElectronTransportLayerHoleBlockingLayerElectronBlockingLayerHoleTransportLayer{EmissionLayersIntroductionAClose-upViewofanOLEDDiagramofaBottomEmitting,StackedOLEDITO-IndiumTinOxidelayerformsatransparentelectrode10/5/15ForReferenceofNECA2015SanFranciscoAttendeesOnly7IntroductionSource:OLEDBasics;USDepartmentofEnergyOLEDscanbeconfiguredaslarger-area,morediffuselightsources,whichmaybemorepracticalforgeneralambientlightingbecausethesoftlightcanbevieweddirectly,withlessneedforshades,diffusers,lenses,louvers,orparabolicshells.ThediffuselightfromOLEDsallowsthemtobeusedveryclosetothetasksurfacewithoutcreatingglarefortheuser,whichmeansthatlesstotallightcanbeusedinordertoachievedesiredilluminancelevels.OLEDConfigurationsDifferentstructuresfordifferentapplicationsSmallmoleculeOLEDs(SM-OLEDs)Moleculeweightlessthan1,000g/moleMajorityoftodaysdevices,highperformance,generallydepositedbyvaporphasedepositionLargemoleculeOLEDs(P-OLEDsorPolymerOLEDs)Aresolutionprocessable(i.e.ink-jetprintingandspincoatingfabricationwhichcoulddrasticallyreducemanufacturingcost)Stillatthedevelo