生产品质管理(1)

1ManufacturingQualityManagement生產品質管理吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality2OutlineQualityDefinitionHouseofQuality(HOQ)ApplicationStatisticalProcessControl(SPC)統計流程控制TheCostofQuality品質成本QualityExpertsandKeyConceptsTQMQualitycircleSixSigmaISO9000吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality3DefinitionofQualityConformancetorequirements與需求相符:meetingwrittenspecifications吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality4ASimpleHOQ（HouseofQuality)MatrixAmatrixdefinestherelationshipbetweentherequirementsofcustomerandproductcharacteristic吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality5AnexampleofHOQMatrixCustomer’srequirementsproductcharacteristic吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality6ADetailedHOQ客戶對商品之認知及比較產品特性相互關係重要性技術評估及目標值吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality7AnexampleofDetailedHOQMatrix吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality8LinkedQualityFunctionDeployment(QFD)品質功能部署Matrices品質屋組件選用流程規畫生產需求吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality9QualityFunctionDeployment(QFD)品質功能部署之優點常用之工具，製造及服務業皆然有系統的暸解客戶需求，並轉換成技術需求。便於提早確定產品特性，降低修改設計的風險，減少產品之前置時間。利於單位間之協調與合作可借以開發出新產品吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality10統計流程控制StatisticalProcessControl(SPC)-OutofControl吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality11•都在區間內，且接近平均值•上下比例大至相同•無不常之型態統計流程控制StatisticalProcessControl(SPC)-inControl吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality12TheCostofQuality品質成本Costofconformance(COC):deliveringproductsthatmeetrequirementsandfitnessforuse達到完成品符合需求，並適合使用所耗費的成本Costofnonconformance(CONC):takingresponsibilityforfailuresornotmeetingqualityexpectations負擔失敗或未能與品質期望相符責任的成本吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality13CostofQuality吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality14FiveCostCategoriesRelatedtoQualityPreventioncost:thecostofplanningandexecutingaprojectsoitiserror-freeorwithinanacceptableerrorrange「預防成本」Appraisalcost:thecostofevaluatingprocessesandtheiroutputstoensurequality「鑑定成本」Internalfailurecost:costincurredtocorrectanidentifieddefectbeforethecustomerreceivestheproduct「內部錯誤成本」Externalfailurecost:costthatrelatestoallerrorsnotdetectedandcorrectedbeforedeliverytothecustomer「外部錯誤成本」Measurementandtestequipmentcosts:capitalcostofequipmentusedtoperformpreventionandappraisalactivities「衡量與測試設備成本」吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality15品質成本（傳統vs.現在觀點比較）吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality16ModernQualityManagementrequirescustomersatisfaction客戶滿意preferspreventiontoinspection預防勝於檢驗recognizesmanagementresponsibilityforquality確認品質管理的責任吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality17QualityExpertsDemingwasfamousforhisworkinrebuildingJapanandhis14points戴明十四點管理原則JuranwrotetheQualityControlHandbookand10stepstoqualityimprovement裘蘭「品質改善」CrosbywroteQualityisFreeandsuggestedthatorganizationsstriveforzerodefectsIshikawadevelopedtheconceptofqualitycirclesandpioneeredtheuseofFishbonediagrams石川馨「品管圈」及「魚骨圖」Taguchidevelopedmethodsforoptimizingtheprocessofengineeringexperimentation田口玄一「品質工程」Feigenbaumdevelopedtheconceptoftotalqualitycontrol魏根堡「全面品質控制」吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality18FishboneorIshikawaDiagram吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality19QualityCircle品管圈組織訓練問題辨認問題分析解決報告吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality20NormalDistributionandStandardDeviation常態分配與標準差吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality21SixSigmaandDefectiveUnitsSpecificationRange(in+/-Sigmas)PercentofPopulationWithinRangeDefectiveUnitsPerBillion168.27317,300,000295.4545,400,000399.732,700,000499.993763,000599.99994357699.99999982吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality22DMAICDefine:Definetheproblem/opportunity,process,andcustomerrequirementsMeasure:Definemeasures,collect,compile,anddisplaydataAnalyze:ScrutinizeprocessdetailstofindimprovementopportunitiesImprove:GeneratesolutionsandideasforimprovingtheproblemControl:Trackandverifythestabilityoftheimprovementsandthepredictabilityofthesolution吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality23TotalQualityManagement(TQM)CustomersDefineQualityQualityLeadershipandResponsibilityStrategicplanningContinuousImprovementCooperationStatisticalmethodsEducation吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality24QualityCertification(品管認証）ISO9000吳明泉博士2007IT/SinManufacturingQuality25隨堂作業請以組為單位，選擇一開發生產之商品（可以和作業一之產品相同），依課堂所授之HOQ（HouseofQuality)Matrix（P4,5），繪製成表:定義客戶對此商品之需求再依此需求決定產品之特性最後衡量各需求與各特性之關係，並統計各產品特性之重要性。