高三英语备考复习 专项语法(11)定语从句精品课件

专项语法十一定语从句要点精析一、关系代词that与which的用法区别1．关系代词指物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况：(1)关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候。Thisisthequestionaboutwhichtheyhavehadsomuchdiscussioninthepastfewweeks.这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。(2)关系代词指代前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时。Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisfatherangry.他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。2．that和which都指物时，在下列四种情况下只能用that而不能用which。(1)当先行词是all,everything,something,nothing,anything,much,little,few等不定代词时。TherewaslittlethatIcoulddoforyou.我不能为你做什么。ThatisallthatIwanttosay.那就是我想要说的。(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。(3)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thejust等修饰时。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。Mr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他惟一认识的外国人。(4)当人和物同时作先行词时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?哪一辆是你丢失的自行车？Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?获金牌的小男孩是谁？二、介词＋关系代词1．“介词＋关系代词”中介词的宾语只能是which(指物)或whom(指人)。Thereare45studentsinourclass,uptohalfofwhomareboys.我们班有45人，多达一半是男生。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。2．在“复合介词短语＋which”引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。3．“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构。Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.那个可怜的人没有房子住。4．“of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich(＝whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。例1(2010·龙岩检测)Samuelreceivedatrainingcourseindrawingforthreeyears，________hegotagoodopportunityforfurtherdevelopment.A．afterthatB．afterwhichC．afteritD．afterthis解析：考查定语从句。afterwhichhegotagoodopportunityforfurtherdevelopment是非限制性定语从句。故选B。答案：B例2(2009·陕西)Guncontrolisasubject______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich解析：此题考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：枪支控制是美国人争论了很长时间的一个话题。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americanshavearguedaboutthesubjectforalongtime.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。故选C。答案：C三、关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as...像……一样的；像……之类thesame＋名词＋as...和……同样的其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里的那种材料。(as作主语)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.(as作宾语)这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)[温馨提示](1)such...as...(定语从句)像……那样such...that...(状语从句)如此……以至于……ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.(状语从句)这是个简单的问题，我能回答。例(2010·福州检测)MountWuyiissuchanattractiveplaceofinterest________everyonelikestovisit.A．thatB．asC．whichD．what解析：aseveryonelikestovisit是定语从句，修饰先行词place,as在从句中作visit的宾语，此句是“such...as...”结构。如果理解为结果状语从句而选择A项，需要在题干中visit后加上it。故选B。答案：B(2)thesame...as...表示相似的东西thesame...that...表示同一人或物ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。ThisisthesameknifethatIlost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。四、关系代词as,which的区别1．as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容。例(2010·四川，10)Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,________turnedouttobeawisedecision.A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where解析：句意：大学毕业以后，我抽出了一点时间去旅游，这后来证明是个明智的决定。句中所填处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，不可用that；且在从句中作主语，不可用when和where。答案：B2．当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.＝Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,as/whichisknowntoeverybody.＝Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.＝Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.后两句属名词性从句范畴。3．as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announce等；which意为“这一点”。Asisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.＝Edisoninventedthetelephone,asisknowntoall.例(2010·西安八校联考)Awarissocruelthatitalwayscausesgreatlosses，________hashappenedinIraq.A．whatB．asC．thatD．one解析：as为关系代词，引导定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。故选B。答案：B五、使用定语从句应注意的几个问题1．当先行词是way，意为“方式，方法”，且在从句中作状语，则引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种：Idon'tlikethewayinwhichthat/hespeaks.我不喜欢他说话的方式。2．当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句中所作的成分。Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinQingdao?你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？DoyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespentthesummerholidaysinQingdao?你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？3．当先行词为case,point,position,situation,activity,scene,stage等表“情形，状况”含义的词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。例(2009·福建)It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A．thatB．whenC．whichD．where解析：句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：Theycanseethemselvesdifferentlyinthesituation。由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表“时间”，不合本题要求，只有where符合本题要求。故选D。答案：D4．oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数形动词the(only)oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数形动词TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld－famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.Titanicisthe(only)oneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.5．what不能用于定语从句中。