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45220001119Bt(210095.Email:cgbrlnau@public1.ptt.js.cn)3Bt94-2494R19....10100%..Bt.BtBt..Bt1Bt.Helicoverpaarmigera1980....(BacillusthuringiensisBt).30.50[1,2].(PGS)Bt.CryIA(b)35(N-)CryIA.(Manducasexta)[3].MonsantoAgricetusBt[4].[2,5,6].BtBt0.0010.05%0.1[7].Bt.(Pectinophoragossypie11aSaunders).[8]..31245220001120[9].1993BtDP5415DP5690BollgardTMNuCOTN33NuCOTN3519968×105hm2.l(0.4hm2)3019966000.[1012]13.3×104hm2.Bt[13].19961997.199774724/(26.9kg/hm2)25.2[14].Siokral-4Siokras324SicalaCS7sCS5084023-74BtMon81.80Bt.1992[15]CryIABt37Bt[1618].[19].11226.Bt2930,31[20].3”.7Bt...2Bt().Mendel31151.l3..2.3Bt.94-2494R19Bt..94-2494[17,18].94-2494R19Bt.R1994-2494,,45220001121[2125].Bt.,.().1997R193735dR19.199894-2494R19334559.19.5%8.9%,7.7%6.0%,13.2%16.7%290.5%8.9%,92.2%6.0%,86.8%16.7%.1997R19.[26]Bt.()Bt.19974515.620719(3).7228523.10123.5d10%20%3241.1997R19,R19(1)2105d99.2%28100%.,1068.2%.128.9%371.1%3.4.-.111552.4%11.6%37.5%67.5%1213.278.4%11.4%(1.70.3).1210.3%7.3%394.7%5%,(3.60.4).1997948081,808294-24R19.123..[27,28].Fitt[29]Bt(121)H.punctigera452200011223d855.7.21R19SuS219975%2171000001.00.03351000001.10.3461000001.00.05171000001.00.06341000001.00.3771000001.10.48171000001.10.293599.43.4100001.10.2105993.615.931.668.401.10.3111667.531.726.965.47.71.40.6123645.419.621.180.87.11.90.513837.522.5096.04.02.00.5141652.534.923.176.901.70.9156059.027.227.472.601.50.520.5123.22,3.2.[27,28]..3.6199672104hm213%5700.3104hm210%.40%[10,11].50%.[12,30]....31985,McGaughey[31]Bt.(Plodiainterpunctel(Hübner)Bt.Bt2305100...Bt[32].Tabashnik[33](PlutellaxylostellaCL)Bt.45220001123Bt.5Bt.Bt.Bt.Bt[3437].pH.[32]..Bt.BtBt.Bt.BtBt.Gould[34]12(H.virescens)Cry1A(c)(78).19500;10000.(YHD2)Bt,CryA(a),CryA(b),Cry1FCry1B,Cry1C,Cry11A.No-QACry1A(a),Cry1A(b),Cry1A(c),Cry1F[36,37].[27]Bt6,11,17BtCry1A(c)1.5,4.07.1Bt.Bt6,11,17.Gould[38]4Bt(r)1.510-310-6.1995.“-”.“-”BtBt(rr).RRRrRr.(rr)(RR)Rr.“-”[3944].(Rr).(Rr)..Bt45220001124.Bt.1[2628].25Bt3.[29,44].6815619.8%..300.362.2%,42.9%7.7%18.GK-2,GK-1294.2,3,488.71%95.45%,92.75%97.65%93.33%.Bt“”.OstrinianubilalisBtDipel“-”[45].4[41,44]6Bt..:(1)Bt.,[24,25].Bt[23].Hobbs[46].GUSGUS.BtBt.Bt[47].(2).Bt...(Bt+CpTI)[48,49].(Bt+CpTI)[50]..Bt45220001125[51].(3).,.....(4)..Bt.34......1BartonKA,MillerMJ.ProductionofBacillusthuringiensisinsecticidalproteinsinplants.In:KungS,WuR,eds.TransgenicPlants’,Vol1.Wisconsin:AcademicPressInc,1993.2973152MurrayEE,DeBoerDL.Transgeniccotton.In:KungS,WuR,eds.TransgenicPlants’,Vol2.Wisconsin:AcademicPressInc,1993.1531683VaeckM,ReynaertsA,HofteH,etal.Transgenicplantsprotectedfrominsectattack.Nature,1987,328(2):33374..1994,14(4):23255BenedictJH,AltmaDW,UmbeckPF,etal.Behavior,growth,survival,andplantinjurybyHeliothisvirescens(F.)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)ontransgenicBtcottons.JEconEntomol,1992,85(2):5895936,.Bacillusthuringiensis.,B,1991,(4):3673737PerlakFJ,DeatonRW,ArmstrongTA,etal.Insectresistantcottonplants.BioTech,1990,8:9399438WilsonFD,FlintHM,DeatonWR,etal.CottonlinescontainingaBacillusthuringiensistoxintopinkbollworm(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)andotherinsects.JEconEntomol,1992,85:151615219WilsonFD,FlintHM,DeatonWR,etal.YieldcomponentsandfiberpropertiesofinsectresistantcottonlinescontainingaBacillusthuringiensistoxingene.CropSci,1994,34:384110FoxJL.Btcottoninfestationsrenewresistanceconcerns.NatureBiotech,1996,14:107011FoxJL.EPAseeksrefugefromBtresistance.NatureBiotech,1997,15:40912ForresterN,PykeB.TheBtreport.TheAustraliaCottonGrowers,1997,(1):2313.1998.1998,25(8):3614SuttonA.PlantBtcottonstrategically.CottonGrower,1998,(4):1415.CryIA.,1997,26(2):858616.Bt.,1996,12(1):164522000112617..1998,31(2):81318..199712(2)828519,..199730(1)71220,,,..199522(8)81121.BtR19.1997,5(2):19420122,.Bt.:,,..,1998.27527923,,,.3Bt.1999,44(19):2064206824FlavellRB.Inactivationofgeneexpressioninplantsasaconsequenceofspecificsequenceduplication.ProcNatlAcadSci,USA,1994,91:3490349125MatzkeMA,MatzkeJ,ScheidOM.Inactivationofrepeatedgenes-DNA-DNAinteraction?In:PaszkowskiJ,ed.HomologousRecombinationandGeneSilencinginPlants.Dordrecht:KluwerAcademicPublishers,1994.27130726FearingPL,BrownD,VlachosD,etal.QuantitativeanalysisofCry1A(b)expressioninBtmaizeplants,tissues,andsilageandstabilityofexpressionoversuccessivegenerations.MolecularBreeding,1997,3:16917627..199831(5)1628.Bt.1999,(113)14114629FittGP,MaresCL,LlewellynDJ.FieldevaluationandpotentialecologicalimpactoftransgeniccottonsinAustralia.BiocontrolScienceandTechnology,1994,4:53554830KaiserJ.PestsoverwhelmBtcottoncrop.Science,1996,14:107031McGaugheyWH.InsectresistancetothebiologicalinsecticideBacillusthuringiensis.Science,1985,229:19319532TabashnikBE.EvolutionofresistancetoBacillusthuringiensis.AnnuRevEnt,1994,39:477933TabashnikBE,CushingNL,FinsonN,etal.FielddevelopmentofresistancetoBacillusthuringiensisindiamondbackmoth(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae).JEconEntomol,1990,83(5):1671167634GouldF,AndersonA,ReynoldsA,etal.SelectionandgeneticanalysisofaHeliothisvirescens(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)strainwithhighlevelsofresistancetoBacillusthuringiensistoxins.JEconEntomol,1995,88(6):1545155935Li