R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple02/2009JackyChen1R&SCBTandR&SCBT32Bluetooth基础原理与测试R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen2Bluetooth历史Bluetooth取自中世纪北欧丹麦维京国王:HaraldBlaatand“Bluetooth”II(940-981),统一当时的丹麦和挪威。人们将取代“线缆”的短距离无线传输技术命名为“Bluetooth”,表明对该技术的期望:像Harald一样将周围设备统一起来。1998年2月,Ericsson、Nokia、IBM、Toshiba、Intel五大巨头提出成立蓝牙特别兴趣小组(SIG);1999年12月,SIG促进者成员扩展加入Microsoft、Lucent、3Com、Motorola。R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen3Bluetooth基本参数RFBasebandAudioLinkManagerL2CAPTCP/IPHIDRFCOMMApplicationsDataControl频率:2.4GHz(ISMband)信道:79(or23)RFchannels频点间隔:1MHz功率:0dBmNominalPowerPeakTXpower20dBm调制方式:G-FSK、3/4-DQPSK、频率:2.4GHz(ISMband)信道:79(or23)RFchannels频点间隔:1MHz功率:0dBmNominalPowerPeakTXpower20dBm调制方式:G-FSK、3/4-DQPSK、RF基本参数TDDFrequencyhopping1600hops/s(625usintervals)1Mbbp、2Mbps、3MbpsTDDFrequencyhopping1600hops/s(625usintervals)1Mbbp、2Mbps、3MbpsR&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen4Bluetooth频率ISM频带分配ISM频带分配2480240224712449245424762473249524002405241024152420242524302435244024452450245524602465247024752480248524902495Frequency[MHz]-20246810121416182022242628303234363840424446485052545658606264666870727476788082848688909294信道号kEurope/NA/JapanSpainFranceJapan(optional)23channels23channels23channels79channelsR&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen5Bluetooth地址蓝牙设备地址:BD_ADDR48bits对Bluetooth设备是唯一的成员激活状态地址:AM_ADDR3bits识别微微网中的从设备成员暂停状态地址:PM_ADDR8bits区分处于暂停状态下各从设备Bluetooth基础R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen6Bluetooth基础FH/TDDChannelFH/TDDChannel主设备与从设备间按伪随机跳频序列分配信道每蓝牙信道里时分双工TDD625µsttMasterRFchannel1RFchannel3RFchannel2SlaveR&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen7Bluetooth基础多时隙数据包多时隙数据包f(k)625µsf(k+1)f(k+2)f(k+3)f(k+4)f(k+3)f(k+4)f(k)f(k)f(k+5)f(k+5)f(k+5)f(k+6)f(k+6)f(k+6)R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen8Bluetooth数据包R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen9ACCESSCODE(接入码)R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen10HEADER(头码)HEC[8]SEQN[1]ARQN[1]FLOW[1]TYPE[4]AM_ADDR[3]8位报头纠错,用于检查报头的完整性。HECSEQN位提供序列编码,用于数据包流的排序。通过该位的改变来识别重传包和新包。SEQN1位长确认指示符,表示分组被成功传输。ARQNACL链路上的1位流控。链路控制包和SCO包不受限。FLOW4位类型代码,用于区分16种不同类型的数据包。TYPE3位长的活动成员地址,用于区分微微网(piconet)内的不同活动成员。主到从和从到主的包中都带有am_addr。全零地址用于主到从的广播包(FHS用全零,但不是广播包)。AM_ADDRR&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen11数据包格式R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen12ID_packet由DAC或IAC组成,长度固定为68比特,用于寻呼、探询、响应。SYNCWORD[64]PREAMBLE[4]R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen13NULL_packetNULL包没有负载部分,只有信道接入码和包头。含有126bits。根据前一个发射成功(ARQN)和接收缓存的状态(FLOW),Null包回应链接信息给Master。Null包不需要接收方作出回应。TRAILER[4]SYNCWORD[64]PREAMBLE[4]HEC[8]SEQN[1]ARQN[1]FLOW[1]TYPE[4]AM_ADDR[3]R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen14POLL_packetPOLL包与NULL包类似,不包含负载.与null包不同的是,它需要接收端回发一个确认.接收到主设备的一个poll包后,从设备必须作出回应,对poll包作出必须的回复。Poll包可以运用于:在微微网中,主设备用poll包侦听从设备,即使从设备没有信息发送,也必须作出回应。或者,用来检查链接。TRAILER[4]SYNCWORD[64]PREAMBLE[4]HEC[8]SEQN[1]ARQN[1]FLOW[1]TYPE[4]AM_ADDR[3]接入码头码R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen15FHS_packet显示发送单元的身份和时钟状态。18byte信息和16bitCRC,通过2/3FEC,总长度为240位。只占用一个时隙。R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen16Linkcontrolpackets通用信息包通用信息包R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen17ACLpacketsACL数据包ACL数据包R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen18SCOpacketsSCO语音包SCO语音包R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen19INQUIRYPROCEDURER&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen20PAGEPROCEDURER&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen21Bluetooth与CBT/CBT32测试R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen22CBT–PowerMeterforCWsignals频率选择功率计测量CW连续载波频率和功率时钟晶振参考应用测量范围2398MHz...2499MHz读取频率值读取频率值设定测量频率设定测量频率设定分辨率带宽设定分辨率带宽读取功率值读取功率值R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen23蓝牙RF射频测试规范BluetoothV1.1BluetoothV1.1Testmodespec:BluetoothCoreSpecPartI:1Testmodespec:BluetoothCoreSpecPartI:1RFTestSpec(V0.92)DocumentvalidforBluetoothV1.1RFTestSpec(V0.92)DocumentvalidforBluetoothV1.1BluetoothV2.0+EDRBluetoothV2.0+EDRTestmodespec:BluetoothSpec.Vol.2,PartC,chapter4.7andVol.3,PartD,chapter1Testmodespec:BluetoothSpec.Vol.2,PartC,chapter4.7andVol.3,PartD,chapter1RFTestSpec:BluetoothTestSpecificationV1.2/2.0/2.0/V2.1+EDRVol.2,RadioFrequencyRFTestSpec:BluetoothTestSpecificationV1.2/2.0/2.0/V2.1+EDRVol.2,RadioFrequency只有很少变化只有很少变化,加入EDR测试目标R&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen24Bluetooth测试模式测试仪将测试控制命令发给DUT跳频/非跳频频率设置TX测试模式测试仪发送轮询数据包,DUT发送可选某比特类型的数据包。Loopback测试模式测试仪发送某比特类型数据包,DUT返送相同比特类型数据包。将DUT切换进入到测试模式规范要求本地驱动DUT(通常是PC软件驱动激活)通过空中接口发送测试控制指令激活CBTCBTDUTDUTTestcontrolcommandsTestcontrolcommandsTestdataTestdata本地激活/驱动SlaveMasterR&SCBTandR&SCBT32BluetoothPrinciple06/2007Jackychen25RF测试(基本速率)CBT可用来评估蓝牙测试规范V1.2/V2.0/V2.0+EDR/V2.1+EDR阐述的RF测试目的:TRM/CA/01/C(OutputPower)输出功率TRM/CA/03/C(PowerControl)功率控制TRM/CA/04/C(TXOutputSpectrum-Frequencyrange)频率范围TRM/CA/05/C(TXOutputSpectrum-20dBbandwidth)20dB带宽TRM/CA/06/C(TXOutputSpectrum-Adjacentchannelpower)相邻信道功率TRM/CA/07/C(ModulationCharacteristics)调制特性TRM/CA/08/C