2009年高考英语单项选择题命题思路例析课件

2009高考单项选择题命题思路例析一、语境设题1.利用中西文化差异设题中西文化不同，英语、汉语两种语言表达方式也存在着很大差异，命题者在备选项中经常会设计貌似正确的“汉语式”的选项，利用母语干扰来设题。—Excuseme,doyouhavethetime?—___________.A.Yes,Ido.B.Ofcourse,Ihave.C.Aquartertoten.D.Noproblem.C2.隐藏有效信息设题近年来常采用对话形式将语言知识置于一定的情景和语境中进行考查，一些题目的有效信息更加隐蔽，如确定时间状语、比较对象等。—HasyourfatherreturnedfromAfricayet?—Yes,buthe____hereforonlythreedaysbeforehiscompanysenthimtoAustralia.A.wasB.hasbeenC.willbeD.wouldbeA二、利用思维定势设题命题人常利用考生熟悉的句型结构或者一些固定搭配设题。Eg1.Thecountrylifehewasusedto____greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechangedBeg2.Apoetandartist____comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereA三、省略设题省略句常见的有状语从句的省略，简单句中主语、谓语的省略，不定式的省略，虚拟语气中主语的省略等。省略句会干扰我们对句子结构的判断，命题人常利用这一点设题。Eg.Weallknowthat,_____,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwithBEg.----Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskatingontheweekend.----_____good.A.SoundB.SoundedC.SoundingD.SoundsD四、增加冗余信息设题有时本来很简单的句子，命题者通过增加插入语、定语从句、标点符号等增加句子的复杂程度，给同学们的理解带来困难，达到设题目的。Eg.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts____thatthreehoursofoutdoorexercisesaweek____goodforone’shealth.A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;areB五、变换句式设题命题者往往把陈述句句式变为疑问句、被动句、感叹句、倒装句，造成某种搭配的假象，从而达到设题目的。eg.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad____homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walkingD六、打破句子的正常结构设题命题者常通过改变句子的正常结构，将句子的一部分前置或后置设题。比如，定语从句或名词性从句一般都放在所修饰的词之后，命题者用其它成分把从句与所修饰的词分隔开设题。eg1.Astorygoes____ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.thateg2.Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.whichDD七、用相似句型设题命题者利用相似句型或结构，增加试题的迷惑性，达到设题目的。eg1.Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety____ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whereBeg2.Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths____hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.thatB八、用一词多义设题eg.----Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.----____.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.SominedoesCeg.Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen____andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucomeA九、用复杂题干设题命题者常把各种简单句变为复合句，或利用强调句使句子结构复杂化等手段设题。eg.It____wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks____Ifoundwehadalotincommon.A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;thatDeg2.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and____allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.whereB单项填空创新题解法小结一、增元创新高考英语单项填空题往往在语言的关键处增加插入语、介词、副词、定语从句、名词、代词等内容，使原本浑然一体的语境被人为分开，解题难度明显加大。面对被人为增加的内容，可用消元法将其删除，还语言以本来面目。eg.----Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto？----Right,justtheone___youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whatC二、减元创新时间/条件状语从句的主从句主语一致，或从句主语为it，谓语有be时，常将主语和be省略。Incase引导目的状语从句时，在有上下文的情况下，常省略从句内容。解题时，同学们可将被省略的内容补全。eg.Whenfirst____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroducedB三、前置创新高考英语单项填空题还常常根据需要将介词、宾语、表语、不定式目的状语等内容前置，从而达到创新目的。解题时可将被前置的内容还原。eg.____theemployees’workingefficiency,thesupervisorwillallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.HavingimprovedD.improvedB四、后置创新同位语从句连词通常应放在先行词后面，但高考创设语境将其后置，只要将其还原至正常位置，就很容易理解。eg.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_____hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.whichB