Lesson20Onemaninaboat独坐孤舟Whenweareplaningtogofishing,whatshouldwetake?Herearesomefishinggears.(鱼具)fishingrod杆fishbait(鱼饵)fishhook钩fishinglinefishingnet网【Newwordsandexpressions】catchv.抓到fishermann.钓鱼人,渔民bootn.靴子wasten.浪费realizev.意识到★catchv.抓到(caught;caught)①vt.捉住,逮住,捕获catchfish,catchthiefThepolicehavecaughtthethief.②vt.抓住,握住Canyoucatchtheball?③vt.及时赶到,赶上catchthebus:赶车-----missthebus错过车④catch的一些固定用法catchacold:染上感冒---haveacoldcatchfire:着火(动作)---beonfire(状态)catchone’sattention/eyes吸引某人注意力catchone'sbreath摒住呼吸catchsight(看见)of=see:看见近义词:grab,hold,takeholdof握住catchsb.doingsth.抓住某人做某事Thelittleboywascaughtstealingapplesfromthegarden.这个小男孩正在偷苹果,被抓住了。catchit被责骂,受处罚(口)(通常与will等连用)IfIcomehomelate,I’llcatchitfrommymother.catchupwith:赶上,跟上Goahead前进please.I’llsooncatchupwithyou.catchon(意见,时尚)受欢迎的。catchphrase标语,引人注意的句子Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.捷足先登。★fishermann.钓鱼人,渔民fish→fisherman[注]不要忘了er哦1)fish鱼(pl.)单复数同形Theycaughtmanyfishthatmorning.2)fishes不同种类的鱼HestudiesthefishesintheIndianOceandrinklikeafish牛饮likeafishoutofwater如鱼离水friesfishfreshfishsaltedfish3)fishv.钓鱼gofishing/swimming/shoppingfishingintroubledwater浑水摸鱼★bootn.靴子apairofboots一双靴子haveone’sheartinone’sboots极为悲观消沉rubberboots橡胶长靴runningshoes跑鞋tennisshoes网球鞋★wasten.浪费1)wastevt.浪费Youarewastingtime.Don’twasteyourtime,moneyandenergy精力.2)wasten.浪费awasteof对…的浪费Itisawasteoftime/money/feeling感情/food.Wastenot,wantnot.不浪费,就不缺乏。Ifyouneverwasteanything,you’llneverlack缺乏it.gotowaste变成废物wasteaway(人,体力)衰弱wastebasket字纸篓(美)wastepaperbasket字纸篓(英)★realizev.意识到①v.认识,知道,明白,意识到Iwentintothewrongroomwithoutrealizingit.Herealizedthathewaslying.realizeone'smistake②v.实现(希望、目标、愿望等)=make...cometrueMydreamshavebeenrealized.=Ihavemademydreamcometrue.可用于主动,也可用于被动realizeone'shope/dream/planHerealizedhisdreamatlast.→Hisdreamwasrealizedatlast.③使变为事实,使发生(常用于被动语态)Thisplancanneverberealized.realize和understand(通过感官或是意识作用的)understand:懂,理解(通过一定的解释,思考,学习了一定的知识后或是有过同样的经历,感觉而知道)Irealizedhewasmad.Hedidn'trealizethathehadmadeamistake.他没有意识到自己犯了个错误Idon'tunderstandEnglish.关键句型—动名词1)动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式;2)v.+ing形式;3)它在句中其名词的作用,可单独或引起短语作主语,表语,动词宾语,或介词的宾语以及定语。往往表示抽象、笼统的动作或泛指某动作或行为。a.)Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.b.)FishingisTom’sfavoritehobby.c.)Cryingoverspiltmilkisnouse.d.)Arguing争吵withhimisawasteoftime.v-ing形式作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(抽象)Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.(具体)在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换:a.当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.b.动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…It’snousegoingtheretoday;hewon’tbeathome.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sadvisable明智的…/It’sfitting适合的…这类句型中,只能用不定式。It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.a.)Shesattherewithoutspeaking.b.)Davidisinterestedindriving.c.)DoyoumindturningontheTV?d.)Bettyenjoyslisteningtopopmusic.v-ing形式作宾语★能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类:一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词,其中有:avoid避免,admit承认,consider考虑,delay耽搁,advise,dislike,enjoy,excuse,mind等,如:Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?另一类是既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式作宾语的动词。其中有:continue,forget,hate,intend打算,like,love,plan,prefer,regret后悔,remember,start,try,want,need,afford提供等。有的动词尽管可以用两种结构,但意义明显不同,须认真加以区别:IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(尽量努力地写)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛笔试着写)Icouldn’thelpfinishingit.(不能不结束某事)Icouldn’thelptofinishit.(不能帮助结束某事)Theyleftofffishing.(停止钓鱼)Theyleftofftofish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼)Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔)①stoptodo:停下正在做的事而去做另一件事stopdoing:停下正在做的事②remembertodo:记得要去做某事rememberdoing:记得做过某事③forgettodo:忘记去做某事forgetdoing:忘记做过某事④goontodo:继续去做另一件事goondoing:继续做未完成的这件事⑤trytodo:尽力去做某事trydoing:试着做某事⑥regrettodo:对马上要做的事表示遗憾regretdoing:对已做过的事表示后悔⑦meantodo:打算去做某事meandoing:意味着怎样放在系动词之后,泛指某种动作或行为,常用来说明主语的身份、内容或特点。a.)Myjobistestingallkindsofsoftware软件.b.)Thepurpose目的ofmyletterisadvisingyoutodomoresports.c.)Hisgreatesthappinessisservingthepeople为人民服务.d.)Seeingisbelieving.v-ing形式作表语动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别:动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯;不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的动作,试比较:Myfavouritesportisswimming.Thefirstthingforustodoistoimprove提高ourpronunciation.注②:动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主语的特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可互换位置,但可用very,quite等副词来修饰,如:Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Ourduty责任isservingthepeopleheartandsoul全心全意.Thiscakeisveryinviting诱人的.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.用动名词将两个短句连到一起.1.Hesatthere.Hedidnotsayanything.他坐在那儿,他什么话也不说.Hesattherewithoutsayinganything.他默默无语地坐在那里.2.Heturnedofftheradio.Helefttheroom.他关掉了收音机,他离开了房间.Beforeleavingtheroom,heturnedofftheradio离开房间之前,他关掉了收音机.1.Helookedathiswatch.Hehurriedtothestation.他看了一下手表.他匆忙赶到火车站.Afterlookingathiswatch,hehurriedtothestation.他看了一下手表之后,就匆忙赶往火车站.2.Imustapologize.Iinterruptedyou.我得表示道歉.我打断了你的说话(工作).Imustapologizeforinterruptingyou.由于打断