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本科生毕业设计（论文）题目：化学聚氨酯的合成及其应用发展学生姓名：王伟系别：化学工程与工艺系专业年级：应用化工技术专业指导教师：周志军2013年05月30日华南理工大学毕业设计（论文）摘要化学聚氨酯(PU)树脂是由异氰酸酯与多元醇反应制成的一种具有氨基甲酸酯链段重复结构单元的聚合物。聚氨酯是一种高分子材料，其主要特征是分子链中含有多个重复的“氨基甲酸酯”基团，既有橡胶的弹性，又有塑料的强度和优异的加工性能，因其具有橡胶和塑料的双重优点，可以认为是橡胶和塑料优异性能的结合体。由于其有其它材料无法比拟的优异特点，从上世纪60年代后期开始，聚氨酯逐渐实现了规模化生产，从上世纪80年代开始，聚氨酯开始在全世界高速发展，已经成为继聚乙烯、聚氯乙稀、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯之后的第五大塑料，目前其年产量已经超过1000万吨，列全球塑料行业的第六位。关键词：聚氨酯；弹性；强度；第五大塑料华南理工大学毕业设计（论文）ABSTRACTPolyurethane(PU)resinisapolygonisocyaninereactionandmadeofaurethanechainswithrepeatingstructuralunitsofthepolymer.Polyurethaneisapolymermaterial,whosemainfeatureisthemolecularchainwithmultiplerepeatofthecarbamategroup,boththeflexibilityofrubber,plasticshavethestrengthandexcellentprocessingperformance,becauseofitsrubberandthedualadvantagesofplastics,rubberandplasticscanbeconsideredacombinationofexcellentperformance.Thereareothermaterialsbecauseofitssuperiorcharacteristicscannotbecompared,fromthelate60soflastcentury,theprogressiverealizationofthescalepolyurethaneproduction,startingfromthe80soflastcentury,therapiddevelopmentofpolyurethaneovertheworldbegan,hasbecomethepolyethylene,polyvinylethylene,polypropylene,polystyreneandplasticafterthefifth-largest,atpresentitsannualproductionofmorethan1,000milliontons,outofthesixthglobalplasticsindustry.Thekeywords:Polyurethane；Flexibility；Strength；Thefifthlargestplastic华南理工大学毕业设计（论文）目录第一章绪论................................................................................................................11.概述....................................................................................................................12.聚氨酯的发展历史............................................................................................13.聚氨酯的发展现状............................................................................................2第二章聚氨酯的工业合成........................................................................................31.水性聚氨酯的合成方法....................................................................................31.1外乳化法...................................................................................................31.2自乳化法...................................................................................................3第三章聚氨酯的性能及其改进................................................................................61.聚氨酯的性能....................................................................................................62.水性聚氨酯（PU）性能改进...........................................................................62.1内交联改性水性PU.................................................................................72.2外交联改性...............................................................................................82.3丙烯酸和环氧树脂的改性.......................................................................8第四章聚氨酯的应用..............................................................................................101.聚氨酯在建材方面的应用..............................................................................101.1聚氨酯硬泡良好的防火耐温性能.........................................................101.2聚氨酯涂料(包括溶剂)..........................................................................111.3聚氨酯漆即聚氨基甲酸酯漆.................................................................112.聚氨酯在家电中的应用..................................................................................113.聚氨酯在交通方面的应用..............................................................................114.制革、制鞋......................................................................................................125.纺织品中的应用..............................................................................................125.1普通合成革用纤维.................................................................................125.2海岛超细纤维.........................................................................................125.3新型纤维.................................................................................................136.水性PU涂层剂的应用...................................................................................137.重要的聚氨酯产品..........................................................................................14华南理工大学毕业设计（论文）7.1聚氨酯弹性体.........................................................................................147.2改性聚氨酯弹性体.................................................................................148.聚氨酯轮胎......................................................................................................15第五章聚氨酯的发展前景......................................................................................161.PU仿木家具—聚氨酯行业新亮点.................................................................162.聚氨酯超细纤维超真皮革PK普通PU革....................................................173.医用聚氨酯材料性能优异..............................................................................174.聚氨酯灌浆材料：起步慢，发展快..............................................................185.电脑表面涂装：小应用，大市场..................................................................186.聚氨酯油墨：涉足较晚，推广尚早...................