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SlaveryinAmerica1609-1865Origins•Slaveryhasexistedsincethebeginningofhumanhistory.•Peoplewereenslavedforanumberofreasonssomeofwhichinclude;beingcapturedinbattle,owingadebtorbeingborntoslaveparents.•Theword“slave”comesfromtheSlavicpeopleofeasternEuropewhowereconqueredsooftenthatthetheirnamebecamesynonymouswithservitude.•Mostculturesaroundtheworldhavepracticedslaveryinoneformoranother.MiddlePassage•ThelegoftheAtlanticslavetradethattransportedAfricanpeoplefromAfricatoslavemarketsintheAmericas.•ItwascalledtheMiddlePassagebecauseitwasthesecondofthethreeparttriangletraderoute.•Slaveswerepackedtightlyonships,shackledandfedverylittleforthe3-5monthjourney.•About18millionAfricansweretransportedbetween1600and1800,withabout3milliondyingontheway.MiddlePassage1123ElMinoSlaveCastleGhanaDoorwayofnoreturnArrivalinAmerica•NativeAmericanswereoriginallyenslavedbytheEuropeans,butaftermanydiedfromdiseases,theybeganimportingAfricanslaveswhowereresistanttoEuropeandiseases.•ThefirstAfricanslavesarrivedinAmericaonaPortugueseshipatJamestown,VAin1609.•PriortoarrivalinAmericaslaveswereusuallyfedbetterinordertomakethemlookhealthy.•Slaveswereauctionedofftoplantationownersandbusinessmenfromthecityandperformedavarietyoftasks.SlaveAuctionSlaveCodes•Slavecodeswerelawsmeanttocontrolslaves.•Thesecodesforbidslavesfromlearningtoread,owningfirearms,ormarryingawhiteperson.•Thepenaltyaslavefacedforlearningtoreadwashavingathumbcutoff!•Theselawsalsomadethechildrenborntoslavesautomaticallyslavesforlife(generationalslavery).TheendsofawhipweretippedwithironbarbsThisslavecollarwasequippedwithbells.Aslaveyolkwasusedtobindtwoslavestogether.CapturedAfricanslaveSlavetags,similartodogtagswerewornbyslaves.SlavesResisted!!•Slavesdidn’tjustsitbackandacceptalifeofservitude•Slavesresistedinanumberofwaysincluding;escaping,slowingdownonthejob,intentionallydoingajobwrongorparticipatinginviolentrebellion.•OneofthemostfamousslaverevoltsoccurredinVirginia.AslavenamedNatTurnerled70otherslavesinthekillingof55whitemen,womenandchildren.Turnerandhismenwerelatercapturedandhung.•Slavesalsoresistedbysingingspirituals,orreligiousfolksongsthatoftencontainedcodedmessages.•Slavespiritualsledtothecreationofbothjazzandtheblues.SouthernaccountofTurner’srebellion.NatTurnerRewardPosterTheUndergroundRailroad•TheUndergroundRailroadwasalargenetworkofpeoplewhohelpedfugitiveslavesescapetotheNorthandtoCanada.•Itisestimatedthatupto100,000slavesescapedtheSouthwiththehelpof“conductors”,orguides.ThemostfamousoftheseguideswasHarrietTubman.•SlavesescapingNorthwoulduseaseriesof“stations”,orsafehousestorestinalongtheroute.•ThepathsthatslavestraveledtowardstheNorthwereknownas“tracks”.•WhileslaverywasoutlawedintheNorth,escapingslaveswerenottrulyfreeuntiltheyreachedCanada.Thisquiltshowsthetrackpatternwhichtoldescapedslavesthatthiswasa“station”,orsafeplace.LawnJockeyswereusedtomarkstationsontheundergroundrailroad.HarrietTubmanBethelAMEChurchGreenwichTownshipHoldenHouseJerseyCityPeterMottHouseLawnsideCroftFarmCherryHillWheatley’sBurlington*In1745therewereabout4,000slavesinNewJersey,mostlyinthesouthernpartofthestate.TheAbolitionofSlavery•From1861-1865AmericansintheNorthandSouthfoughttheCivilWarovertheissueofslavery.•Atotalofmorethan600,000peopleonbothsidesdied.•InJanuaryof1863,PresidentLincolnmadeclearthathesoughttoendtheinstitutionofslaverywhenhesignedtheEmancipationProclamation.•Afterthewar,thethirteenthamendmenttotheConstitutionwasaddedendingslaveryintheU.S.•SlaveryhadbeenabolishedinNewJerseysince1804.EmancipationProclamationLeesurrenderingtoGrant