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商务英语信函的句法特征1.Introduction1.1literaturereviewThisstudyfocusesonthemorphologicalandsyntacticfeaturesofEnglishbusinesscorrespondences.Inordertofinishthisstudyeffectively,Ireadsomerelatedliteraturesandthishelpsmealot.NowIshalldoadetailedanalysisabouttheliteratures.Inthearticle“thefeaturesandapplicationofEnglishbusinesscorrespondencesine-time”,thewriterexplainedhismainideainaccordancewiththetraditionalprinciple“sevenCs”,thatisCompleteness,Clearness,Concreteness,Conciseness,Correctness,CourtesyandConsideration.Thisarticlecanbedividedintotwoparts.Thewriterfirstlymakesananalysisofthebusinesscorrespondencesandmakessurethatthereadersareclearaboutthelayoutofbusinesscorrespondences.Andthenthewriterstatestheuniquefeaturesofbusinesscorrespondencesine-time.“Thispartisdividedintotwosub-partstoanalyzethefeatures,onefromtheaspectoftheformofbusinesscorrespondencesandtheotherfromtheaspectofcontents”[1].Atlastthewriterstatesthemeaningofhisstudy.Thearticle“thegrammaticalfeaturesofEnglishbusinesscorrespondences”byGaoJiayong“talksaboutthefeaturesfromfiveaspects”[2],butheviewedthefeaturesjustfromthesyntax.Articleswrittenbyotherpeoplealsoaccountforthefeatures,suchas“thelingualfeaturesofbusinesscorrespondencesandseveralimportantprinciples”byWangYuanyuan,“lingualfeaturesofEnglishinbusinesscorrespondences”byTianLanandsoforth.Allthosearticlesanalyzethefeaturesfromtheirownpointsofview.1.2purposeofthisstudyMystudyaimstoseekoutthemorphologicalandsyntacticfeaturesofEnglishbusinesscorrespondences.Beforemystudy,therehavebeenmanyresearchesaboutthistopic,butthroughmyreadingthosearticles,Ifindthattheyaremoreorlessincomplete.SoIintendtomakeananalysisascomprehensiveaspossible.Besides,astimegoesby,everythingischanging.Thebusinessnowadayscanbesomewhatdifferentfromthatofbefore,andsoaretheEnglishbusinesscorrespondences.Andtheymusthavepossessedsomenewfeaturesastheydevelop.Thisstudyalsotriestofindoutthesenewfeatures.TosumupthemorphologicalandsyntacticfeaturesofEnglishbusinesscorrespondences,thewriterhopesthatthispaperwilldosomehelptobusinessmen.Andthisstudyshallbeausefulinstructiontoguidepeopletowritebusinessletters.Anexpertbusinessletterwillsurelyleadtosuccessandunquestionablywillalsospurthedevelopmentofeconomy.Thisarticleisdividedintofiveparts.Thefirstpartisinstruction.Thesecondpartshallexplaintwobasicrelatedconcept,morphologyandsyntax.ThethirdpartisaboutthemorphologicalfeaturesofEnglishbusinesscorrespondencesandthefourthpartisaboutthesyntacticfeatures.Thefifthpartshallmakeaconclusion.2.somebasicrelatedconcepts2.1clarificationofmorphologyMorphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.“Justastheformationofsentencesisgovernedbyrules,soisthestructureofwords.Morphologyisdividedintotwosub-branches:inflectionalmorphologyandlexicalorderivationalmorphology.Theformerstudiestheinflectionsandthelatteristhestudyofword-formation”[3].2.2clarificationofsyntaxSyntaxisasubfieldoflinguistics.Itstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.ThetermsyntaxcameoriginallyfromGreek.Itliterallymeantarrangement.Itmeansthatsentencesarestructuredaccordingtoaparticulararrangementofwords.Well-arrangedsentencesareconsideredgrammaticalsentences.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules.Asamajorcomponentofgrammar,syntaxconsistsofasetofabstractrulesthatallowwordtobecombinedwithotherwordstoformgrammaticalsentences.“Asentenceisconsideredgrammaticalwhenitisinagreementwiththegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguage,syntacticrulescomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerknownaslinguisticcompetence”[3].3.morphologicalanalysisofEnglishbusinesscorrespondencesEnglishbusinesscorrespondenceisakindofcommonstyleintradingactivities.Itservesvarietiesofbusinessandreflectsthemaincontentofcommerce,soitsdictionandsentencesbothpossesssomespecialfeatures.Inthischapter,thepapershallexplainthemorphologicalfeaturesofEnglishbusinesscorrespondences.Andthischapterisdividedintosevensub-parts:formalwords,oldEnglishwordsadopted,commercialterms,wordsofpoliteness,wordclassshift,theusageofmandatoryverbsandacronym.3.1formalwordsEnglishbusinesscorrespondenceisakindofformalstyleforcorrespondences.Itisusedtotransmitbusinessinformationandtostatebusinesssituations.“Englishbusinesscorrespondenceisalwaysconcernedwitheconomicbenefits,soitissupposedtobedirect,simpleandunderstandablewithasfewasmodificationaspossible”[4].Anditisavoidedtochoosedaintywordswhenmakingsentences,butitispreferredtochooseformalandgrandwords.“Theformalwords,insteadoforalwordsorbasicwords,canshowtheformalityandproprietyofbusinesscorrespondencescompletely”[5].Formalwordsarebetterlikedthaninformalwords.Whendraftingabusinessletter,peopleshalladopt“inform”ratherthan“tell”.“‘Inform’and‘tell’arebothacceptedinasentence,but“inform”isaformalword.Andthus“inform”isusedtomakeasentence”.Whenthewriterofabusinessletterwantstostatetheresultsbroughtbytheformercause,hecontinuesthesentencewiththeadverb“therefore”insteadoftheconnective“