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HarlemRenaissance哈莱姆文艺复兴Content•BackgroundKnowledge•NotableFiguresandTheirWorksAuthorsDancersMusicians•InfluenceoftheMovementBackgroundKnowledgeWhat:Itwasaculturalmovement.Duringthetime,itwasalsoknownasthe“NewNegroMovement.”ThemaincontentsofHarlemRenaissancewastofightagainstracialdiscrimination,criticizedandnegatedoldimageoftame（驯服的）blacksasuncleTom,andtoencourageblackwriterstosingthepraisesoftheNewNegrospiritandestablishnewblackimageintheirworks.Who:African–AmericansWhy:UntiltheendoftheCivilWar,themajorityofAfricanAmericanshadbeenenslavedandlivedintheSouth.Aftertheendofslavery,theemancipated（自由的）AfricanAmericans,freedmen,begantostriveforcivicparticipation,politicalequalityandeconomicandculturalself-determination.When:Blossomfromthe1920sto1930s.（betweentheWorldWarⅠandtheGreatDepression）Where:IntheHarlemneighborhoodoftheboroughofManhattan(曼哈顿)inNewYorkCity.NotableFiguresandTheirWorksAuthors•JamesWeldonJohnson(1871–1938),authorofthepioneeringnovelAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredMan(1912),andperhapsbestknownforGod’sTrombones(1927),acollectionofsevensermonsinfreeverse,expressingthecharacteristicstyleandthemesoftheblackpreacherinpureandeloquentEnglish.•ClaudeMcKay(1889–1948),animmigrantfromJamaica(牙买加).Threenovels：HometoHarlem(1928)Banjo（1929）andBananaBottom（1933）.Poetry：HarlemShadows（1922）Collectionofshortstories：Gingertown（1932）.Twoautobiographicalbooks：ALongWayfromHome（1937）Harlem：NegroMetropolis（1940）.•CounteeCullen(1903–1946)wasanotherimportantblackpoet.CullenhelpedbringmoreHarlempoetstopublicnoticebyeditingCarolingDusk:AnAnthologyofVersebyNegroPoetsin1927.•ZoraNealeHurston(1891–1960)publishedhermasterpieceTheirEyesAreWatchingGodin1937.ItcarriedamessageaboutthemiseryofblacklifeinAmerica.Theireyesevolvedaroundablackwomaninsearchofhappiness.•W.E.B.DuBois(1868–1963)WilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoiswasanotedscholar,editor,andactivist.Hemadesignificantcontributionstodebatesaboutrace,politics,andhistoryintheUnitedStatesinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,primarilythroughhiswritingandimpassionedspeakingonracerelations.•NellaLarsen(1891–1964)Firstworkingasanurseandalibrarian,shepublishedtwonovels—Quicksand(1928)andPassing(1929)—andafewshortstories.Thoughherliteraryoutputwasscant,sheearnedrecognitionbyhercontemporaries.Arevivalofinterestinherwritinghasoccurredsincethelatetwentiethcentury,whenissuesofracialandsexualidentityandidentificationhavebeenstudied.•LangstonHughes(1902–1967)Someofhispoetries：TheWearyBlues(1926)FineClothestotheJew(1927)TheDreamKeeperandOtherPoems（1932）LetAmericaBeAmericaAgain(1938)Hugheshadastrongsenseofracialpride.Throughhisworks,hepromotedequality,condemnedracismandinjustice,andcelebratedAfrican-Americanculture,humor,andspirituality.DreamsHoldfasttodreamsForifdreamsdieLifeisabroken-wingedbirdThatcannotflyHoldfasttodreamsForwhendreamsgoLifeisabarrenfieldFrozenwithsnow参考译文梦想紧紧抓住梦想梦想若是消亡生活就像断翅的鸟儿再也不能飞翔紧紧抓住梦想梦想若是消丧生活就像贫瘠的荒野雪覆冰封，万物不再生长ABriefAnalysis“Dreams”isapoemofhope.Thispoemexpressesthedesireforanintegratedworldandawarningtothosewhowouldtrytokeeptheblackracesubservient.Itisanencouragementforthoseoppressedbyracismtocontinuethegoodfightandbeassuredthatonedaytheywillseetheirdreamsbecomereality.NotableFiguresandTheirWorksDancers•JosephineBaker(1906-1975),wasanAmerican-bornFrenchdancer,singer,andactresswhocametobeknowninvariouscirclesasthe“BlackPearl,”“BronzeVenus”andeventhe“CreoleGoddess.”（克里奥尔女神）DuringWorldWarIIJosephineBakerworkedwiththeRedCross,gatheredintelligencefortheFrenchResistanceandentertainedtroopsinAfricaandtheMiddleEast.TheFrenchResistance(French:LaRésistancefrançaise)isthenameusedtodenotethecollectionofFrenchresistancemovementsthatfoughtagainsttheNaziGermanoccupationofFranceduringWorldWarII.InSeptember1939,whenFrancedeclaredwaronGermanyinresponsetotheinvasionofPoland,BakerwasrecruitedbytheFrenchmilitaryintelligenceasanhonorablecorrespondent.BakercollectedwhatinformationshecouldaboutGermantrooplocationsfromofficialsshemetatparties.Shespecializedingatheringsatembassiesandministries,charmingpeopleasshehadalwaysdone,whilegatheringinformation.•NicholasBrothersTheNicholasBrotherswereafamousAfrican-Americanteamofdancingbrothers,FayardAntonioNicholas(1914–2006)andHaroldLloydNicholas(1921–2000).Withtheirhighlyacrobatictechnique,highlevelofartistryanddaringinnovations,theywereconsideredbymanythegreatesttapdancersoftheirday.•BillBojanglesRobinsonBillBojanglesRobinson(1878–1949)wasanAmericantapdancerandactor,thebestknownandmosthighlypaidAfricanAmericanentertainerinthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.NotableFiguresandTheirWorksMusiciansAnewwayofplayingthepianocalledtheHarlemStridestyle（哈莱姆跨步风格）wascreatedduringtheHarlemRenaissance,andhelpedblurthelinesbetweenthepoorNegroesandsociallyeliteNegroes.Innovationandlivelinesswereimportantcharacteristicsofperformersinthebeginningsofjazz.JazzmusiciansatthetimesuchasFatsWaller,DukeEllington,JellyRollMorton,andWillieTheLionSmithwereverytalentedandcompetitive,andwereconsideredtohavelaidthefoundationforfuturemusiciansoftheirgenre.•ThomasWright“Fats”Waller(1904–1943)wasaninflue