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Unit6Sci-techFrontScientistsDiscoverChildren’sCellsLivinginMothers’BrainsBackgroundInformationLanguageFeaturesDetailedReadingPost-ReadingPassage1OrganizationAnalysisWarming-upQuestionsLanguageFeature新闻科技英语中的被动句科技英语中大量使用被动语态，不是为了追求文章语言的艺术美，而是为了追求叙述文章的客观、语言简洁、结构严谨，加深读者对所叙述事物的深刻印象，摒弃不必要的东西。科技英语侧重叙事和推理,读者重视的是现象和事实，而不是动作的“执行者”。因此,为了清楚而客观地传递信息,科技英语往往较多地使用第三人称,而不太采用第一、第二人称,尤其是第一人称单数I，因为Isaid,Ithink等说法带有主观色彩,容易让读者产生一种主观臆断的印象。e.g.Thiswasfirstnoticedinhumansmanyyearsagowhencellscontainingthemale“Y”chromosomewerefoundcirculatinginthebloodofwomenafterpregnancy.作者选用了第三人称作为每句的主语,突出了作者陈述的重点是动作和事实,而不是人。如果将这些被动句改成主动句,则无法达到这个目的和效果。被动语态的翻译1.将英语的被动句翻译为汉语的主动句式•Anewdevicewasputinthechimneyandsonoharmfuldirtysmokespreadout.一种新的装置装入了烟囱,从而有害的污烟便不再冒出来。Anewwayofdisplayingtimehasbeengivenbyelectronics.电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。Translation2.把英语的被动句翻译成汉语的被动句Partorallofthelightmaybereflected,absorbedortransmittedbythethingorobjectthatcomesintoitsway.部分或全部的光可能为挡住其去路的东西或物体所反射、吸收或透射。TranslationSolutiontotheproblemwasultimatelyfound.这个问题的解决方法终于被找到了。3.把英语的被动句翻译成汉语的无主语Severalelementsandcompoundsmaybeextracteddirectlyfromseawater.译文：可直接从海水中提取某些元素和化合物。TranslationStrokevictimsshouldbewarnedtostopsmoking,toexerciseandcontrolcholesterol.应当警告脑中风患者停止吸烟、加强锻炼和控制胆固醇。4.把英语的被动句翻译成汉语的判断句Concreteismadeofcement,sand,stonesandwater.译文：混凝土是用水泥、沙子、石子和水制成的。TranslationThetemperaturesandpressuresarecontrolledandadjustedwiththeseswitches.温度和压力是用这些开关来调节的。5.以it做形式主语的被动句型常常有比较固定的习惯译法。汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中的主语从句译在宾语的位置上,而把做形式主语的主句译成一个独立句或分句。比如:•Itisbelievedthat…人们相信,大家相信•Itisestimatedthat…据统计(推算)•Ithasbeenfoundthat…已经发现;实践证明•Itmustbekeptthat…必须记住•Itispredictedthat…据估计;据预计•Itmustberealizedthat…必须了解(认识、明白)TranslationItissaidthattheproductionoftransistorradioswasincreasedsixtimesfrom1970to1974.据说从1970年至1974年间,晶体管收音机的产量增长了6倍。BackgroundInformation.•Chimera奇美拉：(Greekmythology)amonstrousfire-breathingfemalecreature,composedofthepartsofthreeanimals—alion,aserpentandagoat..•Chimerismisararedisorderthatmixesthechromosomalpopulationinasingleorganism.Inthesecases,chimerismmaymanifestasthepresenceoftwosetsofDNAororgansthatdonotmatchtheDNAoftherestoforganism.Insomecases,hermaphroditiccharacteristics,inotherwordshavingbothmaleandfemalesexorganscanbesignsofchimerism.Alternately,smallpatchesofDNAcanbepresentthroughoutthebody.•Chimerismtendstooccurearlyintheembryonicdevelopment.Itisoftentheresultoftwonon-identicaltwinembryosmergingtogetherinsteadofgrowingontheirown.Althoughtheconditionisrare,onlyabout35peopleintheUSbeingidentifiedashavingchimerism.Chimerism.•Exampleone：In1953ahumanchimerawasreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.Awomanwasfoundtohavebloodcontainingtwodifferentbloodtypes.Apparentlythisresultedfromcellsfromhertwinbrotherlivinginherbody.•Exampletwo:Anotherreportofahumanchimerawaspublishedin1998,whereamalehumanhadsomepartiallydevelopedfemaleorgansduetochimerism.ChimerismListentothefollowingnewsandanswerthequestions:Question1:Whatisthefunctionofirontopregnantwomen?Question2:Whenisthetimeformotherstosupplementironandfolicacid?Question3:Inwhichareaoftheworldisthe“irondeficiency”common?PregnantWomenWhoTakeIron,FolicAcidHaveSmarterBabiesResearchoverthepast20yearshavepointedtotheimportanceofmicronutrients—___________foundinsmallamountsinfoodsthat___________________.Oneofthemostimportantmicronutrientsforpregnantwomenisiron.Ironisvitaltothedevelopmentofafetus’central_________________,saysParulChristian,anutritionistworkingattheJohnsHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth.“Early________________canchangetheneuro-anatomyofthebrain,andimpacttheneuro-chemistryofthecentralnervoussystemandbrainmetabolism,thatareimportantfor___________________,forsensory-motordevelopment.”Listentothenewsagainandfillintheblanks.irondeficiencysubstancenervoussystemmakeabigdifferencecognitivedevelopmentButprovidingvitaminandmicronutrientsupplementstoallpregnantwomencanbeasignificant________________inlowincomecountries.Someexpertsarguethatit’senoughtogiveinfantsironsupplementsafterthey’reborn.ThatwaspartofthereasonChristianandhercolleaguesdecidedtostudypoorwomeninNepaladecadeago.Someofthewomengotsupplementswithoutironandfolicacid,anotherimportantmicronutrient,whileothersgotsupplementswithbothmicronutrients.“Thatstudywascompletedin2001andshowedironandfolicacidsupplementationcouldhaveanimpactoninfantandlater____________________,”Christiansays.Thatearlierstudystrengthenedthecaseforsupplements,butChristian’snewresearchshowsanevenlongertermimpactonchildrenwhoreceivedironinutero.SheandhercolleaguesreturnedtoNepal,andwereabletotesttheneurologicaldevelopmentonchildrenwhowerenowon______________________.financialburdenchildhoodsurvivalthebrinkofadolescence“Theoffspringofthemotherswhohadreceivedironandfolicacidduringpregnancythroughthreemonthspostpartumhadimproved____________________includingimprovedworkingmemoryand___________________,whicharedomainscapturingexecutivefunction,andtheyhadbetterfinemotorfunctioningabilityaswell.”Christianaddstherewasaqualitativedifferencebetweentheseolderchildrenandthosewhosemothershadreceivedthesupplementswithoutiro