定语从句

TheAttributiveClause定语从句S2-W12-LilyAttribute(定语)？Heisahandsomeboy.Thisisablackboard.Iwouldlikesomethinginteresting.Imetagirldressedinawoolcoat.定语：修饰名词（n.）或者代词(pron.)的词或者词组.前置定语后置定语位置：前置和后置Theboywhoishandsomeismybrother.Iwouldlikesomethingthatisinteresting.Imetagirlwhowasdressedinawoolcoat.先行词修饰名词或代词的句子---定语从句关系词（引导定语从句）Relativepronouns(关系代词):that,who,which,whose,whomRelativeadverbs(关系副词):when,where,how,why定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语）Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.(whose=theman’s)Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(whose=thebook’s)3）which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（which/that在句中作主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（which/that在句中作宾语，可省略）Exercise:jointhetwosentencesasone.1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Idon’tlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when,where,why,how=介词+which★Thereareoccasionswhen/onwhichonemustyield.★Beijingistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasborn.★Isthisthereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedouroffer?★Istilldon’tunderstandthewayhow/inwhichhesolvedthequestion.2）that可以取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句★Hisfatherdiedtheyearthat/when/inwhichhewasborn.★Heisunlikelytofindtheplacethat/where/inwhichhelivedfortyyearsago.•Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.•Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.介词+关系代词toinwho、that不能用于介词之后Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.★下面两句中的介词能提前吗?在固定短语中介词不能提前1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.介词+关系代词练习onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower____________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.underwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich关系代词or关系副词用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。1.I’llneverforgetthedays_____weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace______Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason________hegave.But无论是关系代词还是关系副词都可以被that代替whenwhichwherewhichwhywhich1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything等▲Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时▲Heistheonlyman_______candothework.▲Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.当人和物合做先行词时▲Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时▲Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.▲Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中▲Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.▲Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.只能用that做关系代词的情况thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatTeacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；2)非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开Pleasecompare:RestrictiveVSNon-restrictiveNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause(1)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.(2)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：as,which引导非限定性定语从句(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone‘shealth.(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.1.Thesunheatstheearth,which/asisveryimportanttous.2.Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.(3)as多用于下列习惯用语中Asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样Asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知Aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样Asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样Ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述Asismentionedabove正如上面提到的非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______m