综合写作1概述

托福基础写作5今日内容：1）托福综合写作概述2）Note-takingskills3）技巧训练要求4）基础阶段总结：独立写作评估PurposeofExamItmeasuresthetesttaker’sabilitytousewritingtocommunicateinanacademicenvironment.First,youwillreadapassageandlistentoalecture.Then,youansweraquestionbasedonwhatyouhavereadandheard.ProcedureRead---Youwillreadashorttextofabout230–300wordsonanacademictopicfor3minutes.Youwilltakenotesonthereadingpassage.Listen---Afterreadingthetext,youwilllistentoalecturediscussingthesametopicfromadifferentperspectiveforabout2minutes.Youmaytakenotesonthelecture.Write---Youwillhave20minutestowritea150-225-wordsummaryinresponsetothefollowingkindsofquestions:CastingDoubt---Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheycastdoubtonspecificpointsmadeinthereadingpassage.---Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheychallengespecificclaims/argumentsmadeinthereadingpassage.Problem-Solution---Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretospecificallyexplainhowtheyanswertheproblemsraisedinthereadingpassage.独立写作评分标准Effectiveaddressesthetopicandtask.Iswellorganizedandwelldeveloped,usingclearlyappropriateexplanations,exemplification,and/ordetails.Displaysunity,progression,andcoherence.Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoice,andidiomaticity,thoughitmayhaveminorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors.综合写作满分要求总结听力中与阅读相矛盾/承接的要点原因和细节准确、连贯文章结构良好、可以有语法错误ModelSample:IntroductionThelecturechallengesthepassage'sconclusionthatofferingemployee'sfour-dayworkweekwillbenefitthecompanies'profit,theeconomyandtheindividualemployees'lifequalities.Instead,thelecturestatesallthreepartieswillbenegativelyaffectedbasedonthefollowingarguments.SecondParagraph:PointOneFirstofall,thepassagebelievestheoptionof4-dayworkweekwillenhancethecompany'sprofitbyencouraginghigherworkqualitiesfromitsworkers.Thelecturearguestheexactoppositebylistingpossiblecostincreasesasaresultofthispolicy.Tohiremoreworkers,thecompanyneedstospendonemployeetraining,medicalbenefits(whichremainsthesamewhethertheemployeeworks4daysor5),officespaceandnewcomputers.Thelectureassertsthatthepracticewillcutintothecompany'sprofitsasopposedtowhatthepassagetriedtoestablishonthisaspect.ThirdParagraph:PointTwoSecondly,thelecturearguesoffering4-dayworkweekwon'tnecessarilycreatemorejobsasthepassageoptimisticallybelieves.Itremindstheaudienceoftherealitythatitisveryexpensivetohirenewemployees,sothecompanymightgowithotheroptions,whichincludepushingpeopletoworkovertime,orsimplyexpectingthe4-dayemployeestoaccomplishthesameworkloadasina5-dayweek.Thelecturepointsoutsharplythispracticewillnotonlyfailtocreatemorejobs,butalsomakecurrentworkunpleasantforpeople,leadingtothelastargumentaboutworkers'lifequality.FourParagraph:PointThreeInthisthirdargument,thelecturemaintainsitspessimistictonewhenitcomestoindividual'slifequality,whichthepassagestronglybelieveswillbelargelyenhancedif4-dayworkweeksareoffered.Thelecture,whileadmittingthenewpracticewillgrantpeoplemorefreetime,alsoclarifiesthatitwillincreasepeople'srisksandreducetheirlifequalitybyjeopardizingtheirjobstabilityandcareerprogressopportunities.That'sbecause4dayemployeeswillbethefirsttolosetheirjobsinaneconomicdownturn,andtheywillbepassedoverforpromotionbecausecompaniesprefertohave5-dayemployeesinmanagementpositionsforcontinuouscoverageandsupervision.FifthParagraph:ConclusionThelecturedismissesthepassage'soptimisticpredictionofthepolicy'simpactonindividualworkers'lifequalitiesyetagain.总结综合写作阅读3分钟读什么：综合写作阅读3分钟怎么读：通读后记下重点内容3分钟读完后：归纳和推测综合写作阅读读段首句或段尾句读文章结构：分类、比较、因果、举例，OG19页读懂原因和例子读否定成分读生词发音读形容词比较级、最高级为什么重点读这些内容？综合写作听力2分半听什么：听力中重点读的部分2分半怎么听：听懂为前提、笔记为保障2分半听完后：3点简要提纲综合写作听力用缩写表示名词概念、动词、部分形容词用符号替代逻辑关系结构：1、2、3因果：→转折增加或减少大于或小于综合写作写作文章格式：定格换行式文章字数：200字以上文章结构：OG255页文章模板INTEGRATEDTASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“双栏式”笔记法：2-columnwayWL1122nnINTEGRATEDTASK先画好“双栏”注意阅读信息笔记字数不超过15字读阅读每一段的Mainpoint和detail/reasonExampleSchooluniformSCHOOLUNIFORM阅读笔记：R1.affordablefinancialstress2.Discomfort&self-consciousnessemotionalstress3.PickonsocialstressL123Schooluniform听力笔记R:123L:1╳costlydetails:1certainselectstores2after-schoolclothes╳self-consciousdetail:somecanpresentthemselvesintheirownways3╳details:1stageoflife2music/backpackThefirsttryTopic:Environment(fishfarming)ReadingListeningWritingWordsandphrasesforreadingBreedIncaptivityPenned-inInletConfineSuitedProximityUnnoticedAttainProcessAdverseFishingfarmingisthebreedingandrearingoffishincaptivitytoproducefoodforhumanconsumption.Itisoftendoneinlarge,penned-inareasontheshoresoflakes,rivers,andbaysandininletsconnectedtotheocean.Thefishareraisedfromeggsand,whenlargeenough,soldtothepublic.Althoughthisseemstobeagoodideaatfirst,fishfarminghasanumberofsafetyissues,bothtothefishandconsumers,whichmakeitadangerousactivity.Thisfisharekeptcloselyconfinedinpens,anenvironmentforwhichtheyarenotnaturallysuited.Thismakestheinstanceofdiseasehigherincaptivitythanitisinthewild.Duetotheproximitybetweenthefish,diseasesalsospreadmorerapidlythaninnaturalsettings.Thechancesofsomediseasegoingunnoticedandbeingpassedontothepublicwhenthefi