非谓语动词2(to+do_doing_done)

Unit15DestinationsGrammarNon-finiteverb非限定动词，也叫非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。其中包括不定式(todo)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done)三种形式。二、非谓语动词的句法功能不定式主语宾语表语宾补定语状语动名词主语宾语表语定语分词表语宾补定语状语谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：1.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_____tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing..,disappearedB.seized..,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearingAD不定式不定式(infinitive)的用法：1.作主语：不定式作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.2.作宾语。不定式作主语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。不定式Hewantedtogo.Ifinditinterestingtostudycomputer.3.作宾语补足语。Heaskedmetodothehomeworkwithhim.注意在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,see,watch,make,等词后的宾语补足语中，省略to.但改为被动要补出to.不定式Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghoursbeforeliberation.Theworkersweremadetoworklonghoursbeforeliberation.4.作定语Heneedsaroomtolivein.不定式I’vegotalettertowrite.5.作状语，表示目的，原因，结果或条件。Icameheretoseeyou.Weturnedthelightsoffinordernottowasteelectricity.Checkyourhomeworksoastoavoidmistakes.(目的）不定式Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.（原因）Hehurriedtotheschool,onlytofindnobodythere.（结果）6.做表语Myjobistohelpthepatient.Toseeistobelieve.动名词动名词：动词+ing构成，具有名词和动词的特性，在句中起名词的作用。1.作主语。Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen.Itisnousearguingwithhim.Itisnouse/good,/useless=doing泛指抽象动作。动名词2.做表语Herjobisteaching.3.作宾语Shedidn’tmindJackcominglate.Hefinishedreadingthebook.动名词4.作定语Hehasareadingroom.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.分词分词为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生。Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.完成式(having+V.V.P.)表示分词的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.1.作定语分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词则放在被修饰的名词之前。分词Themanstandingatthewindowisourteacher.Pollutedairandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.2.作状语时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况。Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.(原因)分词Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.(时间）Theteacherstoodtheresurroundedbythestudents.(方式）3做表语Thenewsisinspiring.Heremainedstudyingtheseaanimals.分词4.作宾语补足语Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.区别不定式与动词ing形式的区别不定式表示具体的，将来的，有意识的动作；V+ing表示抽象的，无意识的，习惯性的倾向。1.作主语Toswimintheseainhotsummerisverypleasant.ReadingaloudisagoodwayinlearningEnglish.区别Plyingwithfireisdangerous.(泛指玩火）Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.(指具体动作）2.作表语AllthatIwantistolearnfrompractice.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(表抽象动作）区别3.forget,remember,goon,like,,stop,try,mean,等动词后可跟动词ing和动词不定式作宾语，但表示意义不一样。Stoptalking.Stoptotalk.I’lltrytoimprovemyEnglish.TryimprovingthiswayifyouarebadatEnglish.区别Imeantocomeearlytoday.(我打算今天早些来）Missingthetrainmeaningwaitingforanotherhour.(误了这趟火车意味着再等一小时。）非谓语动词作状语高考题点击：1.---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting2._____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(01北京春季)A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_____.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretreesCAD4._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96N)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose5._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven6.HesentmeanE-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hopeCAB7.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02N)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun8.Findinghercarstolen,_____.(01上海).A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelpDD非谓语动词的时态语态和被动高考题点击：1.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(97N)A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(99N)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingDA3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.(01上海)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.(02N)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenDB5._____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.(02上海)A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed6._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01N)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered7.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_____totheparty.(00上海)A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvitedCAD8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(02上海春季)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledC