非谓语动词ppt

425130011001010101101000101001011非谓语动词4251300110010101011010001010010111.定义：在句子中不是谓语动词叫做非谓语动词..在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分2.形式：它有三种形式：不定式(todo)，分词（现在分词doing、过去分词done），动名词(doing)非谓语动词（非限定动词）425130011001010101101000101001011非谓语动词特征：1）无人称和数的变化。2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。3）否定式不用借助于助动词在谓语动词前加not另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。425130011001010101101000101001011Helikestosing.Theyliketosing.Themanwalkinginfrontwascarryingabook.Themenwalkinginfrontwerecarryingbooks.425130011001010101101000101001011非谓语动词主宾表定状宾补TododoingDoing\done∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨425130011001010101101000101001011tododoingdoing(分词)tobedonebeingdonebeingdonetohavedonehavingdonehavingdonetohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing过去分词只有一种形式done既可以表被动也可以完成4251300110010101011010001010010111todo短语作主语•Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.•动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：•Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.•Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.•常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+todo。2、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo。3、It+be+形容词+ofsb+todo。4、It+be+形容词+forsb.+todo。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。425130011001010101101000101001011例如Todo作主语Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.Tolearnfromothersisveryimportant.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.Itisveryimportanttolearnfromothers.2.作表语Herwishistobecomeafamoussinger.Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.4251300110010101011010001010010113.作宾语Hewishestogoabroadtohaveafurtherstudy.Wehavedecidedtogivethemahand.IwanttowatchTV.常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,425130011001010101101000101001011•IwasthefirstwomantotravelaloneattheNorthpole.•Shanghaiisthefirstcityintheworldtohavebuiltahigh—speedmaglevtrain.4.作定语4251300110010101011010001010010115Todo作状语•①表目的：•Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.•Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.•注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：•wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.•right：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.425130011001010101101000101001011②表结果：•Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.•常用only放在不定式前表示强调：•Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.•Afewyearslaterhecamehometofindhishometownchanged.•Ihurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditwasclosed.③表原因：•Theywereverysadtohearthenews.④表程度：It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.•Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.4251300110010101011010001010010116.作宾补在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如Iwantyoutowashthecar.下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.Herwonderfulcareerinspiresmanypeopletobelievesuccessiswithinreachforeveryone.Whattheteachersaidencouragedustotryourbestatourwork425130011001010101101000101001011有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.425130011001010101101000101001011•（二）动名词：•动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。•1．动名词的形式：（1）一般式：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。（2）被动式：•Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（3）完成式：•Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。（4）完成被动式：•HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.•他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。425130011001010101101000101001011（5）否定式：not+动名词•Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词•Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。•HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.•他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。4251300110010101011010001010010112．动名词的句法功能•（1）作主语：•Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。•Collectingstampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣。•当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语It‘snousequarrelling.争吵是没用的.•Workinginacompanyismywish.•Ｃhosingwhattoeatisnolongeraseasyasitoncewas.425130011001010101101000101001011•（2）作表语：•1Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.•在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。2Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingthehandincirclesoverthestomachafterameal.3MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.425130011001010101101000101001011•（3）作宾语：•Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。•Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.•我们必须阻止空气被污染。•注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：•Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好。425130011001010101101000101001011•IpreferwatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.•要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：•enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认），deny（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp（情不自禁地）,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…（from）,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike425130011001010101101000101001011•（4）作定语：•Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。•Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你们学校有游泳池吗？Eatinghabitsbecomepartofwhoweare.Theywanttogotothereadingroomthisafternoon.425130011001010101101000101001011三.分词的用法(现在分词/过去分词)•现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。•Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.•过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。•OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。425130011001010101101000101001011三.分