非谓语动词上课

None-finiteVerbExamples1.Don’tleavehim___outsideintherain.A.waitedB.waitC.towaitD.waiting2.Thequestion___atnextmeetingremainssecret.A.discussedB.todiscussC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed3.Allthe___touristsgavetherobbertheirmoney.A.frightenedB.frighteningC.frightenD.frightful4.Ireallyappreciate___tohelpme,butIcanhandleit.A.youtoofferB.thatyouofferC.yourofferingD.thatyouareoffering•为什么称为非限定动词？不受主语的人称和数的限制•为什么称为非谓语动词?不能单独作谓语ConceptVerb谓语动词非谓语动词不定式分词动名词非谓语动词具有动词的特征，同时兼具名词，形容词，副词的特征，不能独立做谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制，仍有时态和语态。现在分词过去分词可作什么句法成分？主语宾语定语补语状语不定式+++++动名词++++-分词--+++不定式基础主动被动一般todotobedone完成tohavedonetohavebeendone进行tobedoing完成进行tohavebeendoing否定式为not或neverto+动词原形Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.IhavedecidedtoapplyforjoiningtheCommunistParty.It’sverycooltobeworkingwithyou.Motherwarnedhernottotouchtheelectricplug.不定式应用1.用作主语Toseeistobelieve.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.当主语较长而谓语较短时，引入形式主语itItisdifficultforyoutoquitsmoking.Itisimportantforustopassthisexam.不定式的逻辑主语一般由for引导，少数表示人品质的形容词则用of引导逻辑主语：bold,brave,careful,careless,clever,considerate,rude,good,kind,nice,silly,sweet,thoughtful，thoughtless,wise等Itissosweetofyoutosayso.2.用作宾语Theydidn’tknowhowtousecomputer.IbegintolistentoCNNat7:00everymorning.Wefounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.以下动词后面接动词作宾语，只能用动词不定式：见教材237页afford,arrange,ask,intend,learn,beg,care,hasten,choose,manage,claim,consent,contrive,pledge,decide,neglect,decline,offer,demand,design,resolve,plan,desire,prefer,determine,pretend,destine,profess,refuse,promise,enable,endeavor,seek,expect,struggle,seem,fail,swear,happen,undertake,regret,threaten,venture,volunteer,tend,hesitate,vow,hope,want,wish…3.用作宾语补足语Sentencestructure：Verb+sb.+todosth.见教材237页常见：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.WeconsiderJordantobethebestplayerinNBAhistory.Wedidn'texpecttheretobesomanyfansthere.Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.advise,cause,allow,command,announce,compel,ask,condemn,assist,deserve,authorize,direct,bear,drive,enable,bribe,encourage,entitle,permit,entreat,persuade,exhort,pray,forbid,prefer,force,press,prompt,get,hate,pronounce,help,recommend,implore,remind,induce,report,inspire,request,instruct,require,intend,summon,invite,teach,lead,tell,leave,tempt,like,urge,mean,need,warn,oblige,wish,order,callon,makeout,carefor,votefor,counton,prevailon,dependon,relyon,keeponat,waitfor,longfor…4.用作定语(通常要放在被修饰的词后)Thereisalotofworkforustodo.Ihavemanyquestionstoask.Shesaidshehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.5.用作表语Thepurposeofthisvisitistosignabusinesscontract.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.6.用作状语（目的状语一般都用不定式表示）Icomeheretotellyouaboutourplan.7.常见的不带to的不定式：见教材220页Theteachermadehimrewritehishomework.There’snothingtodobutwait.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Iwouldjustassoonstayasgowithhim.补充：不定式的特殊句型11.too…to太…以至于…Heistooexcitedtospeak.2.在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为“不太”。It’snevertoolatetomend.3.当too前面有only,all,but时，等于very。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.补充：不定式的特殊句型2soasto1.表示目的，否定式是soasnottoTomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.2.sokindasto，表“劳驾”Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?Whynot“Whynot”+动词原形表达向某人提出建议Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing动名词基础时态语态变化Onhearingthenews,hewasveryhappy.Hewaspraisedforhavingtaughtfor10years.DoyourememberbeingintroducedtoProf.Smithlastsemester?Shehasnomemoryofhavingbeenpunished.动名词的否定式一律在动名词前加notShewasfuriousatnotbeingallowedtoenter.动名词的应用1、做主语Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodtoyourhealth.注：动名词的逻辑主语Wouldyoumindmy/meclosingthedoor?Ican’tstandAndy’stalkinglikethis.若动名词做句子主语，则必须使用名词所有格形式作逻辑主语：Jay’sinterruptingpeopleisveryrude.英语中，一些动词要求用动名词做宾语：见教材241页做及物动词的宾语做介词宾语：见教材226页，242页admit,consider,appreciate,complete,avoid,confess,delay,deny,enjoy,mind,escape,miss,evade,permit,postpone,excuse,fancy,practise,quit,favor,recall,finish,forgive,imagine,resent,involve,resume,justify,risk,stand,save,suggest,keep,understand,include…keepon,counton,lookforwardto,objectto,opposeto,persistin,dreamof,getdownto,refrainfrom,resortto,devoteoneselfto,insiston,thinkof,succeedin,putoff,beusedto,beaccustomedto,bekeenon,beproudof,besubjectto,giveup,getaroundto,leadto等Headmittedhavingstolenthecar.Ifyoupersistinbreakingthelaw,you’llgotoprison.1.Thereisnodoing无法…，不可能…Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.2.feellikedoing想要Idon’tfeellikeswimmingatall.3.Itisnouse/gooddoingItisnousetryingtopersuadehim.常用动名词的固定结构动词后接不定式动名词和不定式的区别1.stoptodo/doingShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest2.+doing忘记、遗憾、记住“已经发生的事”+todo忘记、遗憾、记住“要去做的事”Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret___that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdoneforgetregretremembertodo:做了一件事后，接着做另一件事doing:继续做原来做的事goontodo:停下来重新干某事doing:一直继续某事continue3.Afterhehadfinishedhismath,hewentontodohisphysics.Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.Afteracoffee-break,hecontinuedtodohispresentation.Shecontinueddrawingpictureswithouthavinganyrest.4.trydoing/todotrytodo努力，企图做某事。trydoing试验，试着做某事。Youmusttrytobemorecareful.Itr