非谓语动词之 to do

姓名：卢珊珊手机、微信：15588806855自我介绍eateateatseatingateeatentoeat•LuShanshan________(eat)12apples.•eat•eats•ate•eating•eaten•toeat非谓语动词：不做谓语一、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。中考V.S.非谓语动词•常考题型：单选题、完型填空、选词填空、完成句子、写作。•考点：1.与动词的搭配•2.不定式做主语/状语•3.做宾补时意义区分•4.doing和done分词意义区分•5.与被动语态结合••易错点：动词不定式的使用；过去分词与现在分词的应用区别。非谓语不定式todo过去分词done现在分词-ing二非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词的分类一：动词不定式•构成：(to)+动词原形•功能：除谓语外的任何成分二：动名词•构成：V–ing•功能：主语，宾语，表语，定语•Sleepingisnecessaryforourhealth.三：分词•构成：V-ing&V-ed•功能：表语，补语，定语，状语•Theboyissleeping.考点一：动词不定式•基本形式：todo•否定形式：not+todo•她不让我打篮球太长时间。•Shetoldusnottoplaybasketballtoolong.•Trynottoeattoomuchmeatorsugarbecausetheymightmakehimgetheavier．(2012年济南中考)二、动词不定式的句法功能1.动词不定式做主语动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。It+be+adj.(for/ofsb.)todosth.Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.（中考必备句型）TolearnEnglishwellisveryuseful.=ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.Toprotecttheenvironmentisimportantforus.=Itisveryimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意(中考易错)在kind,good,nice,clever,smart,foolish,stupid等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.你帮助我真是太好了！Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.他那么做真是太聪明了！Itisverycleverofhimtodoitlikethat.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.2015济南38.——Howlongdoesit____togettothestationbytaxi?——Aboutanhour.A.useB.haveC.takeD.spendC2.动词不定式做宾语1）动词+todoagreetodoaffordtododecidetodohopetodowishtodofailtodoplantodopretendtodorefusetodowouldliketodowanttodolearntodoprefertodosth.sb.seemtodosthwant/wouldliketodosth.usedtodosth.2)find/think/consider/make/feelit+adj.+todosth.IfinditeasytoreadEnglish.Ithinkitveryimportanttodoexerciseeveryday.41.Wefindit______todosomereadingeveryday.•A.easilyB.beenjoyable•C.helpfulD.interested（济南2012）C形式宾语3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Whynotdo=Whydon’tyoudoWouldratherdo…thando“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一件事”=prefertodoratherthando4)以下不定式要省略to。一感二听三让四看1.feel2.hear/listento3.make/let/have4.see/notice/lookat/watch5.hadbetterdo/hadbetternotdoIoftenseeTomplayfootballinthegarden.3.动词不定式做宾语补足语1)动词+sb.todotell/ask/want/allow/get/wouldlike/encourage/advise/expectsb.todoLucyaskshimtoturndowntheradio.Youshouldtellhimnottoplayinthestreet.宾语宾补练习题1.Theywouldnotallowhim______acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing2.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher______upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrowAA4.动词不定式作定语a:不定式作定语时，应该放在名词之后。Heisthefirstpersontopasstheexam.Ihavenothingtodo.Givemesomethingtoread.b:有时，不定式后面需有相应的介词。Ihaveacomfortablehousetolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.后置1.----Shallwegoshopping?----Sorry,Ihavelotsofhomework______.A.doB.todoC.doingD.does2.SomechildrenarearguingaboutwhatTVprograms______.A.watchingB.forwatchingC.towatchD.willwatchBC5.动词不定式做状语目的状语Sometimespeopleusechocolatetomake“blood”anddirtinthemovie.（2015济南阅读）原因状语We'reglad__________(meet)youhere.结果状语Heistootired___________(work)on.tomeettowork为了提升自己，她每天读英语。Inordertoimproveherself,shereadsEnglisheveryday.inorderto=soastoinorderthat=sothatMysisteristooyoungtogotoschool.（变同义句）Mysisterisnot_____________________________gotoschool.too...to...=not...enoughto...youngenoughto2015济南48.—Didyouwatchthesoccergamelastnight?Ourschoolteamwonthegameinthelastminute.—Yes.Iwas____excited____Icouldnotfallasleep.A.as;asB.so;asC.too;toD.so;thatDTheteacheristellingthestudentswhattheyshoulddo.=Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.Ididn'tknowwhereIcouldgo.(同义替换)=Ididn'tknowwheretogo.Ialwaysforgetsomenews.Iamveryupsetanddon'tknow______.A.howtodoB.whentodoC.whattodo6.疑问词+todo=宾语从句C宾语从句考点：疑问词(how,when,where,what,which)+不定式•Canyoutellmehowtodoit.•Canyoutellmewhattodo.•Wearetalkingaboutwherewecangoforawalk.•wearetalkingabout____________________forawalk.•Ialwaysforgetsomenews.Iamveryupsetanddon'tknow______.•A.howtodo•B.whentodo•C.whattodowheretogo