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不定式的用法ForClasses4&10动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用：(1).作主语：Tohelpeachotherisgood.动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：Itisgoodtohelpeachother.育才中学不定式和动名词作主语或宾语有何不同动名词可以表示习惯性、经常性的行为，不定式可以表示一次性、具体的行为。例如：Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.Tocleantheclassroomisourjobtoday.Ilikereadinginbed.Iliketohaveatalkwithyoutonight._____isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk育才中学（2）作表语：Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.（3）作独立成分：Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.（4）作宾语：Shewishestobeamusician.Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?育才中学（5）作宾语补足语Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.动词为see,hear,watch,notice,observe,listento,lookat,have,make,let等，省去to。比较：WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.注意：Iadvisetowaittillthepropertime.(错误)Iadviseyoutowaittillthepropertime.(正确)Iadvisewaitingtillthepropertime.(正确)Themanagerhas______toimprovetheworkingconditionsinthecompany.A.acceptedB.allowedC.permittedD.agreed育才中学注意下面句子的演化Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheard________thesong.Ioftenhearthesong________.Thesongisoftenheard______.Iheardhimsingingthesongjustnow.Hewasheard_______thesong.育才中学tosingsungsungsinging（6）作定语：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?作定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：Heisthemantodependon.请大家填上合适的介词：Givemeapieceofpapertowrite______.Ifindthemanhardtogetalong______.TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolive_____.Thereisnothingtoworry______.育才中学onwithinaboutPleasegivemeaknifetocut______.Hereissomepaperforyoutowrite_____.Hefeltsadbecausehehadnoonetoturn_____forhelp.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Wefoundawaytosolvethisproblem(in).育才中学withonto不定式作定语只能用主动式的情形1.LiXuemeiwasthefirstathletetogettothefinishingline.Heisalwaysthefirsttobearhardships，thelasttoenjoycomforts.2.Ourteacherarrangedussixexercisestodoathome．Fatheralwaysboughthissonsometoystoplaywithafterhisbusiness．3.在therebe结构中，则主被动形式都可以:There’salotofworktodo/tobedone.育才中学4.Withalotofdifficultproblems___________，thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime．A．settledB．settlingC.tosettleD．beingsettledWithseveralmeetingstoattend，hecouldn‘tgototheGreatWallwithus．Withouttwomemberstocome，we‘dbetternotstartthemeeting．Withoutanythingtodo，heturnedoffthelightsandwenttobed．育才中学5.Haveyouanythingtosend?Haveyouanythingtobesent?6.当名词与定语有同位关系时。Wegottheordertoleavethecity.当名词与定语间有主谓关系时。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.育才中学（7）作状语：①目的状语：EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②结果状语Thethiefstoleintothehouse,onlytobecaughtbytheowner.Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Hegotupearly,onlytofinditwasrainingheavily.育才中学＊复合结构不定式：It’sverydifficultforustofinishsomuchworkinsuchshorttime.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.＊疑问词+动词不定式：Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.＊动词不定式的否定式：It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.育才中学＊动词不定式的时态形式（1）一般式：Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（3）进行式：ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.育才中学＊动词不定式的被动语态用法：Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.动词need,require,want作“需要”解，且其后的动词与主语构成动宾关系时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。Thewindowneedscleaning.Thewindowneedstobecleaned.育才中学不定式中to的省略1）情态动词(除ought外，oughtto)后：2）使役动词let,have,make使役动词后3）感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。育才中学4）wouldrather，hadbetter，might(just)aswell,ratherthan后Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabike.5）在why(not)…?之后的不定式不能带to。如：Whygowithhim?Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel?6）help可带to，也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth.在当help用于被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。Theboywashelpedbyawomantocollecthisscatteredcoins.育才中学7)当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。如：HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.★但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.8)不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。We'vemissedthelastbus.Allwecoulddonowis(to)walkhome.育才中学9)省略不定式是否保留to--Willyougowithme?---Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).--Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?---No,wecan’taffordto(gototheseaside).注意：★若被省略的不定式为tobe短语，则通常应保留tobe。如：Heisnotthemanheusedtobe.育才中学1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest____inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated育才中学Practice3.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell_____.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending4.Theprizeofthegameshowis＄30000andanallexpenses_____vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid5.When_____help,oneoftensays,“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered6.Thestormleft,__alotofdamagetothisarea.A.c