非谓语动词作定语

非谓语动词作定语高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．不定式作定语；2．-ing分词作定语；3．-ed分词作定语。•【典型例题】1．(北京2000,单项填空)Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung正确答案：B根据题干判断，句中需要一个既作定语又表状态的非谓语动词，所以选B。B•2．（NMET97，单项填空）TheOlympicGames,______in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying•正确答案：C此题考查分词作非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，动作已完成，所以选C。•3．（NMET94，单项填空）Thefirsttextbooks_______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.•A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten•C.beingwrittenD.written•正确答案：D此题考查分词的限制性定语用法，其他与例2类似，所以选D1．不定式作定语•①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被thefirst/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，•一般式:将来或经常性的动作，•完成式:该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。•例如：Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.•②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.•例如：Let‘sfirstfindaroomtolivein/toputthethingsin.•Wehavenothingtoworryabout.(=Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.)•③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。•例如：Ihavealotofthingstodotoday.(I...do...things)•Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?(you...say...anything)•HereisalettertobetakentoMr.Li.••在therebe句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。•比较：Thereisnothingtodoatpresent.(=Wehavenothingtodoatpresent.)Thereisnothingtobedoneatpresent.(=Wecandonothingatpresent.)2．-ing分词作定语•①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,•-ing短语作定语一般后置；•强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。例如：asleepingcar(=acarforsleeping)asleepingchild(=achildwhoissleeping)theboystandingthere(=theboywhoisstandingthere)Thegirlsingingismyclassmate.•②-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。•例如：Doyouknowtheboytalking(=whoistalking)totheteacher?•Didyounoticetheboysitting(=whowassitting)atthisdeskyesterday?•Themanshaking(=whoisnowshaking)handswithMr.Livisitedourclassyesterday.•比较：•误：Heisthemanvisitingourclassyesterday.•正：Heisthemanwhovisitedourclassyesterday.3．-ed分词作定语•-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,•-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,•-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。•例如：adeveloped/developingcountry•Heisastudentlovedbyalltheteachers.•ThebuildingbeingbuiltwillbethethirdTeachingBuildingofourschool.•4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。•例如：Thestudents,wearingtheirschooluniforms,marchedintotheplayground.•Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasgreatlychangedtheworld.•【知识过关】1.Thecomputercenter,______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudents.intheschool.•A.openB.opening•C.havingopenedD.openedB•2.Mostoftheartists_______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.•A.invited•B.toinvite•C.beinginvited•D.hadbeeninvitedA•3.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.•A.followed•B.following•C.tobefollowed•D.beingfollowedB•4.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.layB.lain•C.layingD.lyingD•5.Areyougoingtoattendthemeeting_______tomorrow?•A.tobeheldB.beingheldC.willbeheldD.heldA•6.Ilikemostofthebooks_______inthis_______house.A.publishing,publishing•B.published,publishedC.published,publishing•D.publishing,publishedC•7.Thisisoneofthequestions_______atthemeetingnow.A.todiscussB.tobediscussedC.beingdiscussedD.discussed•8.Wouldyoupleasegivemeapieceofpaper_______?A.towriteB.towriteon•C.towritewithD.tobeCB