非谓语动词作状语

高三英语总复习语法专项训练非谓语动词作定语和状语二、动词不定式不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作状语和定语。(一)作定语1.动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,其后有必要的介词。例如：He'spleasantfellowtoworkwith.There'snothingtoworryabout.2.有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如:time,reason,chance,right,ability,willingness,need,anxiety,wish,plan等。Womenshouldhavetherighttoreceiveeducation.Thereisnotimetohesitate.3.thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest等之后用不定式做定语。Themonitorwillbethefirsttocome.Hewasthelastmantoblame.(二)作状语1.作目的状语:不定式作状语时,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,一般置于句子末尾。但是,如果表示强调,亦可置于句首。其否定形式为:在不定式符号前加not。HewenttoShanghaitovisithisparents.Tosavetheearth,wemustpreventtheearthfrombeingpolluted.Ishutthedoorquietly,soasnottowakethebaby.2.作结果状语:Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.Shelefthome,nevertoreturnagain.3.作原因状语:不定式做原因状语时,一般放在句子末尾。Sheburstintolaughtertoseehisfunnyaction.Theboywasshockedtoseethefrighteningscene.4.作独立成分有些固定词组带to不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分。这些词有:tobehonest；tobeginwith；tocutalongstoryshort,toget(back)tothepoint；nottomakemuchofit,toputitanotherway；totellthetruth等。Totellyouthetruth,IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.Tobehonest,IhaveneverheardofWinstonChurchill.三、动名词动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式,由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。与现在分词构成法相同。它同时具有动词及名词特征。以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。1.作定语Noneisallowedtosmokeinthewaitingroom.Thespeedingcarcametoastopallofasudden.2.作状语介词+动名词可以作状语用,表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。例如：Afterfinishingthejob,hewenthome.TheywenttoManchesterwiththeobjectofwinningtheWorldChampionship.Hewasblamedforhavingdonesomethingwrong.四、分词分词是动词的三种非限定形式之一,包括现在分词和过去分词两种。分词可以在句中作状语及定语。(一)现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。在语态上,现在分词(除被动式外)表示主动意思,过去分词表示被动意思。在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词则表示动作已完成。developingcountries(发展中国家)developedcountries(发达国家)thetouchingtale(动人的传说)thetouchedaudience(受感动的观众)(二)现在分词的用法现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。1.作定语现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:Thisisapressingquestion.这是一个紧迫的问题。Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:Therewerenosoldiersdrilling.现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.Themenworkinghereareallfromtheruralareas.2.现在分词用作状语现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看,也可用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后,也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。(1)表示时间Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词when或while:Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.WhileflyingovertheChannel,thepilotsawwhathethoughttobeameteorite.(2)表示原因Beingsick,Istayedathome.Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.(3)表示条件Adoptingthismethod,wewillraisetheaverageyieldby40percent.Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.(4)表示让步Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasn'ttriedherbest.(5)表示结果Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completelyruiningourholiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,address,etc.Underlinethenonfiniteverbs(找非谓语动词):1.a)Havingdonetheirhomework,thestudentslefttheclassroom.1.b)Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.(=Aftertheyhaddone……)(=Whenhewasasked….)(时间状语)3.a)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.3.b)Borninthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.(=Ashewasill,……)(=As/Becausehewasborn……)(原因状语)2.a)Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.2.b)Givenmoretime,Icandobetter.(=Ifyouworkhard,…)(=IfIamgiven……)(条件状语)4.a)Thoughweighingalmostfiftykilograms,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.4.b)Althoughtired,theycontinuedtowork.(=Thoughitweighs…)(=Althoughtheyweretired,……)(让步状语)5.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan(=…,sothathebecameanorphan,…….)(结果状语)6.a)Theywentintotheroom,Laughingandtalking.6.b)Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents(方式或伴随)(=…,laughedandtalked.)(=…andwassurrounded…)总结:分词(现在,过去分词)在句中作状语,可表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随或方式等含义,现在分词还可作结果状语、相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.总结非谓语作状语的高考热门例析例析Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksbeautiful.SeenSeenfromthetopofthemountain,wecanviewthebeautyofthewholecity.Seeing•规律(一):•分词:现在分词/过去分词•现在分词表示主动和进行；•过去分词表示被动和完成。•▲分词作状语时,无论主动还是被动形式,分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑充当句子成分宾语表语状语定语宾补逻辑主语句子的主语句子的主语句子的主语所修饰的词句子的宾语1.Themanager,___itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.madeC.havingmadeD.making2.___manytimes,hediditwell.A.BeingtoldB.HavingtoldC.HavingbeentoldD.TobetoldCC•规律(二):•当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑时态与语态若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone,•如果表被动则用havingbeendone3.Herushedtothetrainstation,only____thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofind4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeDA•规律(三):不定式与现在分词都可作结果状语区别:不定式表“出乎意料,意料之外”现在分词表“顺其自然,意料之中,方式或伴随,还可表原因(前因后果)”等,非谓语作状语的习惯用法与特殊用法1.___fromhislook,shemusthavejustbeenseparatedfromherMr.Right.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.TojudgeD.BeingjudgedB此题考察v.ing作插入语的习惯用法,故选B2.____youthetruth,Idon’tagreewithwhatyousaidjustnow.A.TellB.TotellC.TellingD.ToldB此题考察不定式作插入语的习惯用法,故选B必背:Judgingfrom…由…判断副词(adv.)+speaking…的来说generallyspeaking一般说来,总的来说,personallyspeaking就个人来说,就自己而言strictlyspeaking严格说来believeitornot信不信由你必背:tobehonest老实说totellyouthetruth说老实话tobefrank坦率地说tosaynothingof姑且不说tobesure诚然，固然tobeexact精确地说sotospeak可以这么说tobebrief简言之toconclude总而言之todohimjustice说句对他公道的话tomakealongstoryshort长话短说tobeginwi