非谓语动词做定语和状语

非谓语动词doingdonetodo主语定语宾语表语状语宾语补足语tododone××diongn./pron.+todoLiMingwasthefirstpersontoarrive.Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.(主谓、动宾和介宾关系)主动表被动的情况(1)比较：I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.A:LiMing,I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Iknowyouhaveanimportantlettertopost.Letmepostitforyou.B:Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow.主动表被动的情况(2)Thereisalettertowrite.(tobewritten不常用)I’llgiveyousomenovelstoread.主动表被动的情况(3)(间接宾语“人”是todo的逻辑主语用主动)注意：todo表示的是将要做的事情，与将来时间连用。doing作定语doing+n./pron.(多强调用途)drinkingwaterreadingroomwalkingstickwritingdeskn./pron.+doing短语Themanrunningoverthereisourchairman.Theylivedinaroomfacingthenorththirtyyearsago.语态：主动时态：正在进行注意：并不是所有的doing形式时态意义都很明显。done作定语done+n./pron.Lookatthebrokenglasses.n./pron.+done短语IhavearadiomadeinChina.语态：被动时态意义往往不明显。注意一些动词的固定用法：ThelittlegirldressedinwhiteisMary.(bedressedin)表目的表原因表结果不定式作状语Istudyhard_________thepeoplewell.toserveToservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(置于句首加强语气)Inordertoservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(更加强语气)Istudyhardsoastoservethepeoplewell.(不可用于句首)Heislucky_______hereontime.togetIamhappy______youagain.LiMingseemedwilling_____that.Iamsorry_______that.toseetodotohear(作原因状语时常修饰表感情的形容词,表示产生这种感情的原因.)Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Afterthatdaytheywereseparated,nevertoseeeachotheragain.(only/nevertodo表示意料之外的结果)1.表时间2.表原因4.表方式,伴随5.表结果现在分词做状语3.表让步Assoonastheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcryingOnhearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(doing动作一发生,主句动作立即发生)Whileshewasplayingthepiano,shegotveryexcited.Whileplayingthepiano,shegotveryexcited.(doing动作进行中,主句动作发生了.这时when或while一般要加上。)Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.Afterturningofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.Afterhehadturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.(doing动作完成后,主句动作才发生.)Asheforgothismanners,heputhisfeetuponthedesk.Forgettinghismanners,heputhisfeetuponthedesk.Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(doing动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生.)Becausehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.Because/AshehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.(doing动作发生在主句动作之前，用doing的完成式.)Althoughheworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.Althoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.(although/whether/evenif/eventhough+doing.)Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(表方式和伴随时,谓语动作是主要的,doing是次要动作.)Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,soitcausedthedelay.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.1.表时间2.表原因4.表伴随5.表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步Whenthecityisseenfromthehill,itisbeautiful.Seenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.Confusedbythestonesflyingatthemfromallsides,theboysranintothebuilding.Astheboyswereconfusedbythestonesflyingatthemfromallsides,theyranintothebuilding.Eventhoughdefeatedagain,thescientistdidn’tgiveup.(一般来讲,时间,原因,条件,让步状语多放与句首,结果,伴随,方式状语多放在句末.)Givenmorewater,thefishcouldn’tdie.现在分词作状语,doing与句子的主语是主动关系,即主语是doing动作的执行者.过去分词做状语,done与句子的主语是被动关系,即主语是done动作的承受者.