大型集装箱船的结构特点及其操纵分析2

1大型集装箱船的结构特点及其操纵分析[摘要]大型集装箱船是远洋货物运输重要的运载工具，对其操纵性能的了解直接关系到运输效率及航行安全。本文根据一些前人资料结合笔者自己所学的知识简要的介绍了集装箱船的历史及通过对大型集装箱船的船型、侧推器、风压力、旋回性、加速、减速及停船性能的分析，并在船型、风压力和旋回性上与大型油船、散货船进行比较，总结出大型集装箱船具有旋回性较差、舵力和舵力转船力矩较大、风压差较大、船速较高、倒车停船性能较好等操纵特点。根据这些特点，在进出港的操纵过程中，为了减小下风漂移，可适当提高船速，在接近码头过程中适时进行倒车减速或用拖船协助减速。实践表明，这些策略对实际操纵具有指导意义。可以为在集装箱船上工作的海员们提供一些专业性的参考。[关键字]集装箱船结构特点操纵性航行安全2Largecontainership’sstructuralcharacteristicsandanalysisofitsmanipulation[Abstract]Largeocean-goingcargocontainershipisanimportantmeansofdelivery,understandingitsmaneuverabilityisdirectlyrelatedtotransportefficiencyandsafetyofnavigation.Informationaccordingtosomecombinationofthepreviouspapertheauthorlearnedinhisbriefintroductiontothehistoryofcontainershipsandlargecontainershipbyship,tunnelthrusters,windpressure,gyration,acceleration,decelerationandstoppingperformanceanalysis,andIntheship,thewindpressureandthegyrationwithlargeoiltankers,bulkcarrierswerecompared,summedupthelargecontainershipswithacycleofpoorrudderforceandmomentofalargerrudder,turnedtheship,thewindpressuregreater,speedhigh,reversingstoppingmanipulationfeaturessuchasbetterperformance.Accordingtothesecharacteristics,manipulationoftheprocessinandoutofport,inordertoreducedownwinddrift,itisappropriatetoimprovethespeedoftheship,nearthePierduringtheslowingdownorreversingatimelymannertoassistwiththetugtoslowdown.Practiceshowsthatthesestrategiesprovideguidingsignificancefortheactualmanipulationofship.Anditcouldprovidesomeprofessionalreferencefortheseafarersworkingoncontainership.[Keywords]containershipstructuralfeaturesmaneuverabilityNavigationSafety3目录引言................................................................................................................................5第一章集装箱船概论..................................................................................................61.1集装箱船大型化的发展历程.............................................................................................61.2大型集装箱船的市场介绍................................................................................................6第二章大型集装箱船的结构分析..............................................................................82.1大型集装箱船的船型特点及其对船舶操纵性能的影响................................................82.1.1长宽比......................................................................................................................82.1.2方形系数..................................................................................................................82.1.3舵面积与船长吃水比..............................................................................................82.1.4单位载重吨分配的主机功率..................................................................................92.2大型集装箱船的侧推器..................................................................................................102.3大型集装箱船的风压力...................................................................................................10第三章大型集装箱船的操纵性................................................................................123.1旋回性..............................................................................................................................123.1.1旋回圈几何要素....................................................................................................123.1.2旋回过程中的速度降低和旋回时间...................................................................133.2大型集装箱船的加速、减速和停船性能.......................................................................13第四章大型集装箱船的一些安全操作..................................................................154.1用好先进的导航设备.......................................................................................................154.2采用车速避让时需大幅度..............................................................................................164.3熟悉船舶的操纵数据应用在实践中...............................................................................164.4大风浪中的注意事项......................................................................................................164.5抵港前根据船舶密度适时调整船速..............................................................................174.6对小渔船的避让..............................................................................................................174.7把握船舶驾驶员的避碰心理..........................................................................................18结论..............................................................................................................................19致谢辞..........................................................................................................................204参考文献......................................................................................................................215引言集装箱船舶首次出现于20世纪50年代，此后国际海上集装箱运输曾经历几代的发展。由于规模效益的驱动，自1988年出现第一艘巴拿马型4300TEU第四代集装箱船舶以来，集装箱船舶一直朝着大型化的方向发展。从1991年运行资料分析，超巴拿马型船比巴拿马型船每个标箱位日消耗费用减少43%，每运输标箱位的造船成本减少23%。1996年出现了6000TEU超大型化的第五代集装箱船；1996年又建造了8000TEU的第六代集装箱船。目前，甚至还在构想15000TEU的船型，全长为400m，船宽66m，吃水14m，可装载24排集装箱。从船舶操纵的角度来看，超巴拿马型集装箱船已经属于超大型船舶范畴。但是，这些大型集装箱船舶的船型尺度和操纵性能已完全不同于传统意义上的超大型油船。目前，抵达我国港口的大型