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Lesson1Lesson11•Thisisagirl.•Thisisafashionablegirl.•ThisisagirlwhoisasfashionableasLadyGaga.练习：体会一下定语从句的魅力Beautyisthedropofrainthatkeepsthehumanspiritformdeathbydraught.Beautyisasilentrefreshmentthatweperhapsdonotthinkaboutbutwhichgoesonallthetime.Beautyisthesmileontheearth’sface,whichisopentoallandneedsbuttheeyestosee,moodtounderstand.美如雨露般滋润着我们干涸的心田。美悄然而来，在我们不经意间荡涤尘寰，延绵不断。美是大地的笑容，人人得以享受。只要我们用眼去捕捉，用心去感受。定语从句两大要害：先行词•关系词2先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。Shethrewawayhernewdresswhichsheboughtyesterday.关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的桥梁；并在从句中充当一定成分(经纪人的角色)Idon’tlikethepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirwords.定语从句两大要害：先行词•关系词3•找词成分选词•1找先行词定语从句的解题思路•先行词的分类：•A.先行词是一个词•Thebeautyofawomanisnotintheclothesthatshewears,thefigurethatshecarries,orthewayshecombsherhair.Thebeautyofawomanmustbeseenfrominhereyes,becausethatisthedoorwaytoherhearttheplacewhereloveresides.--AudreyHepburn•女人的美，不是来自于她所穿的衣服，或她的身材，或她梳头的样子。而是来自于她的眼睛，因为透过眼镜，我们能看到她的心灵，一个充满爱心的所在。定语从句的解题思路•先行词的分类：•B.先行词是一个完整的句子•Ibecameasinglemotherovernight,whichisnothinglikebecomingfamousovernight.•我一夜之间成了单亲妈妈，这跟一夜成名可完全不同。•练习：翻译•我女朋友喜欢和别的男生跳舞，这一点让我很是抓狂。•Mygirlfriendlikesdancingwithotherguys,whichreallydrivesmecrazy.定语从句的解题思路•先行词的位置：•一般紧跟关系词•Thereisthisdifferencebetweenhappinessandwisdom:thepersonwhothinkshimselfthehappiestmanreallyisso;butthepersonwhothinkshimselfthewisestisgenerallythegreatestfool.•It’shardtohaveafriendwhoyoucantrustcompletely.定语从句的解题思路•先行词的位置：•练习：找到先行词•TherearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelfwhichBenbenhasadvisedustoread.•TherearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelfwhichBenbenhasadvisedustoread.定语从句的解题思路•先行词的位置：•但是有时候先行词也会跟关系词骨肉分离定语从句的解题思路•如何找到先行词•(1)看定语从句的含义来(把先行词放到定语从句中去，翻译一下，看看是否合乎逻辑)•(2)看定语从句的谓语动词的单复数(确定、佐证)定语从句的解题思路•先行词的位置：•练习：•I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.【2010年湖南卷】•a.whob.wherec.whend.which•【a.who;先行词是students】定语从句的解题思路•先行词的位置：•练习：•Aftermytalkwiththeprofessor,_____wasshortbutrewarding,IhadanewoutlookontheproblemIwasfacing.•a.whob.thatc.itd.which•【d.which;先行词是talk】定语从句的解题思路•先行词的位置：•练习：找到先行词•Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolved(brokendown)inthesoilsolution(mixture)beforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.【考研真题】•Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.定语从句的解题思路•如何找到先行词•练习：找到先行词•Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakelifeevenmorestressfulforthepost-80s.【CET-6】•Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakelifeevenmorestressfulforthepost-80s.定语从句的解题思路•找词成分选词•2成分•看看定语从句中是否缺少主语、宾语。•Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,whichmadetheothersenvyhimalot.•Myfavoriteseasonisspring,whentheearthseemsbornagain.定语从句的解题思路•找词成分选词•3选关系词•从句中缺少主语、宾语，选：•Who,whom,which,that•从句中不缺少主语、宾语，选：•Whose,when,why,where定语从句的解题思路4•先行词是“人”：who,whom,that•Angerisathiefwho/thatstealsawaythenicemomentsinourlife.•先行词是“物”：which,that•Angerisawindwhich/thatblowsoutthelampofthemind.定语从句的关系代词•4.1who/whom指代“人”•例句：•Friendshipisaverydifficultthing.Itishardtohandle.Itcreatesmanydifferentproblems.InfactIwouldsaythatfriendshipisashardtohandleasloveis,orevenmarriage.OfcourseIamnottalkingabouteasy-come-easy-gofriendship.I’mtalkingaboutfriendswhocaredeeplyabouteachother,whosupporteachother,whomakelifeworthliving.I’mtalkingaboutfriendswhomyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.定语从句的关系代词•WhoorWhom?•1WHO前面不能直接加介词•I’mtalkingaboutfriendswho(m)youcansharealmosteverythingwith.•可以改写成：•I’mtalkingaboutfriendswithwhomyoucansharealmosteverything.•就不能改写成：•I’mtalkingaboutfriendswithwhoyoucansharealmosteverything.(错)定语从句的关系代词•WhoorWhom?•2WHOM在定语从句中不能作主语，但可以作宾语或者表语。•Heisnolongthemanwho/whomhewasthreeyearsago.•【注意】作表语，who/whom均可定语从句的关系代词•4.2which/that指代“物”•两者有何区别？定语从句的关系代词•ThatorWhich?•A.用that不用which•(1).当先行词中有人有物时•SisterFengandhermake-upthatstartlesusalotisverypopularontheinternet.•Heandhisfamily____Ilikeverymuchareheretoday,too.•[that/who/whom]定语从句的关系代词•ThatorWhich?•A.用that不用which•(2).先行词是“所有，没有；很多、很少；四个东西(thing)；序数；最高；最后；恰好”(指“物”)或被这些词修饰的时候定语从句的关系代词•ThatorWhich?•A.用that不用which•所有：all•没有：none•很多：many，much•很少：few，little•四个东西(thing)：something，anything，nothing，everything；(包括some，any，no，every)•序数：thefirst,thefifth…•最高：thebest,themostoutstanding…•最后：thelast•恰好：thevery,theright,theone,theonly定语从句的关系代词•ThatorWhich?•B.用which不用that•(3).that不用在非限定性定语从句中•Ibecameasinglemotherovernight,whichisnothinglikebecomingfamousovernight.•我一夜之间成了单亲妈妈，这跟一夜成名可完全不同。定语从句的关系代词•ThatorWhich?•B.用which不用that•(4).that不直接跟在介词后•Theworldinwhichweliveismadeupofmatters.•=Theworldthat/whichweliveinismadeupofmatters.•≠Theworldinthatweliveismadeupofmatters.(错)定语从句的关系代词•ThatorWhich?•B.用which不用that•(5).当先行词本身就是代词that时•-Whichdressdoyoulikebetter?•-Ipreferthat(one)whichissounique.•Perhapsitishumantoappreciatelittlethatwhichwehaveandtolongforthatwhichwehavenot.•或许，“不惜已获，贪求不得”是人类共同的弱点吧。定语从句的关系代词•4.4whose，表示“人”或“物”所有关系•一般满足A__B的形式，符合“A的B”含义。•WhenIlookedthroughthewindow,Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.