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高考阅读理解技能指导——猜测词义Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?1.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle------thatis,itwillbreakeasily.2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.3.Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.1.定义法定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示GuesstheMeaningoftheWord脆的牧人日历1.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等erorianisteseess后缀,构成可数名词menttionnesssionerying后缀,构成抽象名词disinmisunnon否定前缀recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它前缀重复共同,平等小过度超出---后副的使--可能远程---前alanbleernfulishivelessylyous形容词后缀enizeify动词后缀encouragerealizesatisfy2.…Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.…Whatdoestheword“shoplifter”mean?A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工3.根据同义词，反义词关系1.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.2.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.3.Inmanynationstherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth．and,or,suchas,like，forexample,forinstance常连接同义词组。取代不同意非常贫穷4.根据同位语关系语言学夜班1.AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1874inEdinburgh,Scotland.Hisfatherwasanexpertinphonetics,thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.2.Weareonthenightshift----frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.1.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.2.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.徒劳的Guessthemeaningoftheword5.根据因果关系小结全神贯注常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。6.根据对比和转折关系Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,thoughonthecontrary等。小结热的温和的7.根据上下文线索1.TheweatherinHawaiiisalwaysmild.Itispleasantandwarm.Thereisusuallyalightwindtocooltheair.2.Instantly，wewerebusilypreparingfortheworst.Thewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonerememberedthedamageithadcausedtostockandcrops．Therewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecorps.Butweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagain．Myolderbrothercalledhissheep-dogandbegandrivingoursmallflockofsheeptohighergroundaboveriver．Iftheriverflooded，theyshouldbesafethere．58．Theunderlinedwordstockinthethirdparagraphrefersto_________.A.moneyownedbythefamilyB．goodsforsaleC.suppliesforfamilyuseD．farmanimals(06江西卷)3.Thecoyoteoriginallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent.Oneofitsmostobviouscharactersisitssmartness,whichhasmadetheanimalanotorious（臭名昭著的）pest.Hunterstrapped,shotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1900s.It’sstilloneofAmerica’smosthuntedanimals.Yetthecoyotehassurvived.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?”Iguessifyouwantedtouseoneword,it’dbe‘plasticity’.”saysEricGese,anexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealone,inpairs,orinlargepackslikewolves,huntatnightorduringtheday,occupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremiles,andliveonallsortsoffood,fromlizards（蜥蜴）andshoes,toantsandmelons.63.Theunderlinedword“plasticity”inPara.2refersto___.A.theabilitytofittheenvironmentB.notorioussmartnessC.huntingabilityD.beinghuman-tolerant(06湖南卷)嫁妆Guessthemeaning8.根据生活常识1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.2.Bestofalteachprogramisputtogetherbyprofessionalbroadcastersjournalists,andeditorswhohaveastronginterestinEuropeanlanguagesandcultures.Thatenthusiasmcomesthroughineveryedition.FromNewYorktoLondontoSingapore?theuserstellusnocompanyproducesabetterproductforlanguagelearnersatalllevelsRingformoreinformation,ororderat(06湖北卷)生活常识上下文对比转折因果关系同位关系同义词反义词构词法定义猜Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?猜测词义题常见设问方式:1.Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans……2.Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby……3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor……?4.Bysaying“…”,wemean……5.“…”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas……6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?7.Theunderlinedphrase“…”isclosetinmeaningto…..?8.Theunderlinedword“..”roughlymeans…?1.Sheaskedthehairdressertotrimherhairbecauseitwastoolong.2.Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatdelicious,weChinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncooked.3.AbiketourandracewillbeheldonAug26and27.At5:30am,theriderswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kmasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55KmlegfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetition.Theunderlinedword“leg”probablymeans_______.A.raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetour巩固练习修剪生的，未加工的4.B(06江西卷)Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside，butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay．Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag，adogcameintotheroom．ItstoppedwhenitsawB