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介词的用法介词(preposition)：也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分,需和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。一、介词的种类（1）简单介词：about,across,after,against,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beside,but,by,down,during,for,from,in,of,on,over,near,round,since,to,under,up,with等等。（2）合成介词：inside,into,outside,throughout,upon,without,within（3）介词短语：accordingto,alongwith,apartfrom,becauseof,infrontof,inspiteof,insteadof,owingto,upto,withregardto等等。二、介词短语的作用介词不单独作句子成分，其后跟名词、代词、数词、副词、短语、从句等作它的宾语，构成介词短语。1、作状语通常位于句首或句尾，表时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、比较等。eg:Everybodyunderstoodexceptme.除我之外，大家都理解了。Icamehereformybriefcase.我来这里拿公文包。2、作定语跟在所修饰的名词后面，作后置定语。eg:Theyhaverentedaflatofthreerooms.他们租了一套三居室的公寓。Theladyinredismysister-in-law.穿红衣服的那位女士是我嫂子。3、作表语eg:SallyisinthelanguagelabwithTom莎莉和汤姆在语音室。WhathesaidisofgreathelptolearnersofEnglish.他刚才的话对英语学习者很有帮助。4、作宾语补足语eg:Whatmakesyouinsuchahurry?什么事使你这样匆匆忙忙？Thedutyofthepoliceistokeepthecountryinorder.警察的职责是维持国家秩序。三、部分介词用法辩异1、地点介词1）at,in,byat表示把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”,in则把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间。此外，at用于表示在某一单位、机关，较抽象；in则较具体。by用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意)。如：Heworksatthepostoffice.她在邮局上班。Intherainwewereshelteringinthepostoffice.我们在邮局里面避雨。IliveinEngland,atLondon.我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London)bythefire在炉边bytheseaside在海边apathbytheriver沿河道路bythenearestroad走近路1.Thereisabookstore____theothersideofthestreet.A.inB.onC.forD.at2.MrsGreenhaslived____London____tenyears.A.at,forB.in,sinceC.in,forD.on,by3.Thelittlegirlsawabeautifulbird____thetree.A.onB.inC.intoD.at4.Hearrived____Shanghai____January5____10:00.A.in,on,inB.at,on,onC.in,on,atD.in,on,by2）on,over,aboveon表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起；over表示一种越过，即“在……上方”；above表示一般的“高于……”，“在……之上”，一种垂直关系如：Thebookisonthetable.书在桌子上。Isthereanybridgeovertheriver?河上有桥吗？Therewasanelectricclockabovehisbed.他床头上有只电子钟。1.Thereisabridge____theriver.A.onB.atC.belowD.over2.Thelightwashanging_____hishead.A.aboveB.onC.overD.across3.AftersupperFatheralwayssits____achair,readingnewspapers.A.aboveB.onC.overD.across4.Theplanehasjustflown____myhead.A.onB.overC.aboveD.at3）under,belowunder与below分别是over与above的反义词，即“在……下方”；below表示一般的“低于……”，“在……之下”。如：Theywereseenunderthetree.有人看到他们在树下。ShallIwritemynameon,aboveorbelowtheline?我该把名字写在线上、还是线的上方或下方？1.Welaydown____atreetorest.A.underB.overC.aboveD.below2.Thereisabook____thechair.A.underB.overC.aboveD.below3.Thisplaceis_____sealevel.A.underB.overC.aboveD.below4.Theboatispassing_____bridge.A.underB.overC.aboveD.below4）after,behindafter多用于表时间先后，而behind多半表位置或方向的前后。如：Shestoodbehindatree.她站在一棵树后。Weshallleaveafterbreakfast.我们早饭后动身。1.Therearesomeflowers____thehouseA.behindB.afterC.belowD.above2.Theschoolis___thepostoffice.A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above3.WecametoBeiJing_____6:00inthemorning.A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above4._____havingthebath,wewatchedTV.A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above5）across,through,over,pastacross着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”；through强调“穿越”；over多表示从“上方越过”；past表示从“面前经过”。如：Shewentacrossthestreettomakesomepurchases.她穿过街道去买东西。Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.阳光透过窗户进来了。Hefailedtogooverthemountain;hehadtogoroundit.他没能越过那座山，只有绕过去．Someonehasjustgonepastthewindow.有人从窗前走过．1.Sheswam_____theriver.A.throughB.acrossC.onD.above2.YesterdayIwent_____theforest.A.throughB.acrossC.onD.above3.----Whowasgoing____mejustnow?----JimA.throughB.acrossC.pastD.above4.Thebirdflew_____thebuildingA.throughB.acrossC.onD.over２、时间介词１）for,since,duringfor指“时间段”，since指“时间点”，during强调时间过程。during与for的区别：during所指的时间起止分明；如果一段时间不明确，就用for.如：Ihaven’tseenherforyears.我很多年没见过她了。Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.整个夏天他每天游泳。TheyhavebeeninHawaiisincethewar.战后他们一直住在夏威夷。1.Ihavelivedhere__about1year.A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at2._____lastterm,IwaslearningEnglishinHighbirdallthetime.A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at3.IhadlivedinLondon_____lastyear.A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at4.Shestoodhere_____severalhours.A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at２）“在...之后”in,afterin+一段时间（用于一般将来时）after+一段时间（用于一般过去时）after+一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如：Thebabystoppedcryingafterhalfanhour.那个婴儿半小时后停止了哭泣。Thebabywillstopcryinginhalfanhour.那个婴儿将在半小时后停止哭泣。TheywillvisittheirteacherafterFriday.周五以后他们将去拜访他们的老师。３）at,in,on,by表示时间的区别at表示特定的时间、节日、年龄:如：atdawn/atnight/atnoon/atmidnight/atforty/atChristmasin表示一天中某段时间，指年、月、季节、周次：如：inthemorning/in2002/inMay/inthesecondweekofJuly/inwinteron表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间：如：onSundays/onherbirthday/onFridayevening/onthefirstby(的时候、到、等到…已经)用在天、时间：如：byday白天(的时候)/by2o‘clock到两点钟/bythistime等到现在(已经)…1.Iwasborn____Oct.11th,2000.A.onB.inC.atD.by2.NewYearis_____January.A.onB.inC.atD.by3.Igotoschool____8:00a.m.everymorningA.onB.inC.atD.by4.Ihavelearnt2000Englishwords_____theendofthisyear.A.onB.inC.atD.by4)表示动作的介词to,towardto表示向某处移动：如：Theyweredrivingtoworktogether.他们一同开车去工作。She‘sgoingtothedentist’sofficethismorning.今早她去看牙医。toward表示移向某处：如：We‘removingtowardthelight.我们向灯光处移动。Thisisabigsteptowardstheproject'scompletion.这是对于工程的完成前进了一大步。5）表示“用”的介词用交通工具byplane用语言inEnglish通过媒介on/overthetelephone,on/overtheradio,onTV用工具手段withapen,withone＇shands1.Igotoschool____bikeeveryday.A.byB.inC.onD.with2.Ilikesingingasong____Russia.A.byB.inC.onD.with3.IwatchWorldCup____TV.A.byB.inC.onD.with4.Iwrite____apenA.byB.inC.onD.with四、常见的介词搭配１、名词+介词：1.approva