London By William Blake 作品赏析课件

WilliamBlake布莱克LifeandLiteraryCareer(1757-1827)Engraver,painter,printerandpoetAtage4,hadavisionofGod,latersawatreefullofangelsWenttoadrawingschoolat10,thusbeganhiscareerasanartistStartedwritingpoetryinhisteens(12)Amanofsharpperception,originalthinking,exceptionalboldness,contemptforreason,deepconcernwiththeRevolutionWorksBlake’spoetrylargelydividedinto2groups:lyricalpoems:“PoeticalSketches”(poetryofages12-20),“SongsofInnocence”,“SongsofExperience”propheticpoems:“VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion”,“America”,“TheFrenchRevolution”,“Jerusalem”,“TheBookofLos”,“TheBookofUrizen”,“TheMarriageofHeavenandHell”SongsofInnocence(1789)《天真之歌》Purpose:“AndImadearuralpen,/AndIstainedthewaterclear,/AndIwrotemyhappysongs,/Everychildmayjoytohear.”(“Introduction”)Designedtopublishforchildren,insimplelanguageachildcanunderstand,depictingachild’sdelightintheharmonyofnatureandpeople(withillustrationsofhisown)Strange,simplebeautybothinthemesandinlanguageandinverseformandrhythmSomesongsfrom“Innocence”:“TheEchoingGreen”,“TheLamb”,“TheLittleBlackBoy”,“TheLittleBoyLost”,“TheLittleBoyFound”,“Nurse’sSong”,“TheChimneySweeper”,“InfantJoy”---descriptionofthehappyconditionofachildbeforeheknowsthepainsofexistence,optimistic,hopeful,openandresilientinfaceofwrongsSongsofExperience(1794)《经验之歌》Presentingaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholy,sometimesbittertoneExperiencebringingafullersenseofevil,joyreplacedbybitternessAmixtureofthesimpleandthechildlikewiththeseriousandthethoughtfulinvoiceSomesongsfrom“Experience”“London”,“TheChimneySweeper”,“ALittleBoyLost”,“ALittleGirlLost”,“InfantSorrow”,“APoisonTree”,“TheSickRose”,“Nurse’sSong”Changeofvoiceintobitternessandanger,moreconcernaboutsocialillsandhumanweakness,expositionoftyrannyinreligionandpatriarchySongsofInnocenceandExperienceDepicting“twocontrarystatesofthehumansoul”:thepresentationoftheworldiscolored/prejudicedbythestateofmindofthespeakerPoemsintwocollectionswellpairedoff:“TheLamb”/“TheTiger”,“TheDivineImage”/“TheHumanAbstract”,“TheChimneySweeper”/“TheChimneySweeper”,“TheNurse’sSongs”SignificanceAprecursorofRomanticisminEnglishpoetryAninnovativepoetandthinker(mystic)Strongoppositiontorationalismandtyrannyofallforms,emphasisonintuitionandimaginationAnundauntedrevolutionaryLondonWilliamBlakeWhatdoyouknowaboutthepoemfromthetitle?ItisapoemaboutLondon,thecityandpeopleinLondon.Whatisthelocationofthepoem,countrysideorcity?Thespeakerisnotthepiping,pastoralbardoftheearlierpoem:heisinthecity.Thepoem’stitledenotesaspecificgeographicspace,notthearchetypallocalesinwhichmanyoftheotherSongsareset.ThefirstquatrainIwanderedthrougheachcharteredstreet,NearwherethecharteredThamesdoesflow,AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe,Whatisthespeakerdoing?ThespeakerwandersthroughthestreetsofLondonandcommentsonhisobservations.Whatisthemeaningof“chartered”?charter:n.awrittenstatementdescribingtherightsthataparticulargroupofpeopleshouldhave.(宪章)Charter:v.tostateofficiallythataneworganization,townoruniversityhasbeenestablishedandhasspecialrightsandprivileges.(特许设立)WeknowthattherearecharteredcompaniesatthetimewhenBlakewrotethispoem.ButwhywastheriverThameschartered?Everythinginthisurbanspace---eventhenaturalRiverThames---submitstobeing“chartered”,atermwhichcombinesmappingandlegalism.Blake’srepetitionofthiswordreinforcesthesenseofrestrictionthespeakerfeelsuponenteringthecity.Besidestheword“chartered”,canyoufindotherrepetitionsinthepoem?Howdoyouunderstandthem?Itisasiflanguageitself,thepoet’smedium,experiencesahemming-in,arestrictionofresources.Blake’srepetition,thuddingandoppressive,reflectsthesuffocatingatmosphereofthecity.Butwordsalsoundergotransformationwithinthisrepetition:thus“mark”,betweenthethirdandfourthlines,changesfromaverbtoapairofnouns---fromanactofobservationwhichleavessomeroomforimaginativeelaboration,toanindelibleimprint,brandingthepeople’sbodiesregardlessofthespeaker’sactions.Repetitionisthemoststrikingformalfeatureofthepoem,anditservestoemphasizetheprevalenceofthehorrorsthespeakerdescribes.ThesecondquatrainIneverycryofeveryMan,Ineveryinfant’scryoffear,Ineveryvoice,ineveryban,Themind-forgedmanaclesIhear.ban:cursemind-forgedmanacles:restraintsforgedforthemindThethirdquatrainHowthechimneysweeper’scryEveryblackeningChurchappalls;AndthehaplessSoldier’ssighRunsinblooddownpalacewalls.blackening:thewallofthechurchwasblackenedbythesmoke.hapless:unluckyTheChimneySweeperAlittleblackthingamongthesnow,Crying'weep!'weep!innotesofwoe!Wherearethyfatherandmother,say?Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmiledamongthewinter'ssnow,Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.AndbecauseIamhappyanddanceandsing,Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,AndaregonetopraiseGodandhisPriestandKing,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery.Howdoesthespeakerpresent/describeLondon?HepresentsLondonthroughhisobservation:sightandhearing.WhatisthespeakerseeingandhearinginLondon?Heseesdespairinthefacesofthepeoplehemeetsandhearsfear