3 报刊阅读之阅读英语新闻的技巧Microsoft PowerPoint 演示文稿

chapter4techniquesinreadingandunderstandingEnglishnewspapersandmagazinesI.featuresofnewsheadlineII.newsleadandsummarysentenceIII.structureandstylisticfeaturesofnewsreportingfeaturesofnewsheadlineNewsheadlinesarequitedistinctive.Theyareasshortaspossible;theysummarizethemaincontentsofanarticleandaredesignedtocatchthereaders’attention;theyusuallyomitpartsoftheverbtobeanddefiniteandindefinitearticles;theyoftenincludeadjectivesandusepastparticiplesetc.1useofmonosyllablenounsorverbsinsteadoflongerorcommonwordsbanprohibit;prohibitionbarprevent;preventioncutreduce;reductionaxecancel;cancellation;dismiss;dismissalpushencourage;supportboostpromote;promotionsparkcause;initiateurgestronglyrequestgrabseize;winseeklookfor;trytoobtainirkanger;annoyquizquestion;interrogateblowsetback;unexpecteddifficultyfacehavetoundergoprobeinvestigateslamcriticizerapreprimandTVAirs“Facts”onArmsDeliveryManClaimsGhostSightingBombsClaim40JewelHeistFoiledFuelStrikeHitsHospitalsThailand,MalaysiaInkSeaTreatyIsraelSoftensLinePitTalksEndSwedishPollShowsSwingtoRightPostOfficeProfitsTop￡40MJailChiefSacked14HeldforUSEmbassySackingSenateTrimsBudgetPeaceTalksThreatenedIrishTopRanksVieforOfficeFactoryWalkoutThreatoverSackingPeaceDriveSucceedsAmericanEnvoyTakenHostageReaganWeighsTaxIncreaseChinaBacksPeaceMovePMLaudsCommunitySpirit2useofacronyms,abbreviationsandcontractionsA.“EECandJapan”—(acro)EuropeanEconomicCommunityB.“WB,IMF-DoTheyHelporHurtThirdWorld”---(acro)WorldBank,InternationalMonetaryFundC.“TheGreatSuperpowerWar—KGBvs.CIA”—(acro)KomitetGosudarstvennoiBezopasnosti,CentralIntelligenceAgency;(abbr)versusD.“Lib-Labpactrallies,survives”—(abbr)LiberalPartyandLaborPartyE.“EECWarnsNukeArmsSpread”–(abbr)nuclearSplinteredPLOStrugglestoStayAliveNATO:Who,What,Why?OPECtoRaiseProductionMIT’sLeaderShapeProgramNoHopefor118CrewofRussianSubUniversityEntryHardforWould-beVetsPuttheSciBackinSci-fi3useofpunctuationmarksAlmostallpunctuationmarkscanbeemployedinnewsheadlinessuchascomma,colon,questionmarks,dash,quotationmarksandinvertedcomma,onlywiththeexceptionoffullstop.a.Bradley:“Iquit”b.TornadohitsJamaica—6diec.UncleSam,barthedoord.Australia,USseekmorewaystopromotetradee.Cold?Flu?H1N1?Howcanyoutellthedifference?4useofnounmodifiersA.poisongasfearhauntscityB.ItalyoutragedaswarcrimestrialbackfiresC.3heldovercollegehorrorcrashD.US-SoviettiesE.UNArmsReductionConferenceF.ChannelTunnelHaltG.ZooEscapeDramalong-term，low-interestloan;one-mangovernment;one-country-two-systempolicy;see-while-you-talkphone;be-kind-to-animalcampaignetc5omissionofarticles,demonstrativeandpossessivepronouns,auxiliaryverbs,subordinatorsorcoordinatorsetcA.(A)FanKills(His)WifeB.USpunishesIraqfor(the)attackonKurdsC.(An)ItalianEx-Mayor(was)MurderedD.(The)AntitrustAction(hasbeen)UrgedForPressE.MarriedWomen(are)toGetCareAllowanceF.(IfYou)HaveDollars,(They)WillSellG.(AlgeriansWant)Ballots,NotBulletsH.(A)WomanKills(Her)HubandSelfI.(whenmanis)Older,(heis)wiser,andcalmer6useofsimplepresenttenseA.Consumptionpricesfallasharp1.1℅B.Lebanonburies90victimsofIsraeliattackC.Tutsileadersmake“deal”onevictionD.3injuredinbombattack(pastparticipletodenotepastvoice)E.Thamesapproachingdangerlevel(presentparticipletodenotecontinuoustense)F.Natotopressonwithattack(infinitivetodenotefuturetense)7parodiesofproverbs,mottos,masterpiecesandallusionsA.AFarewelltoArmsB.ATaleofTwoHeartsC.LibertyisthetruemotherofinventionD.NotAllVodkasareCreatedEqualE.TheWheelofMisfortuneF.AllWork,LowPayMakeNursesGoAwayGBritanniaRuestheWaves8useoffiguresofspeechA.CanhedoaDeng?(alliteration)B.HogHell(alliteration)C.Bye-bye,AmericanPie(rhyme)D.Thatcher’StyleWar(partialtone)E.TonyBliarandIraqWar(partialtone)F.AfricanStatesmanStillSowingSeedsforFuture(pun)G.LocalManFindsPicassoDrawinginShed(ambiguity)H.10-Year-OldSuspendedByHead(ambiguity)I.PiratesInvadeOscarJ.JapanesedashtoUStosay“Ido”(metaphor)K.SoccerkicksoffwithViolence(punandrhyme)L.AftertheBoomEverythingIsGloom(rhyme)M.NoFans?“Nofret！”(alliteration)N.Washingtonchargedwithl5percentsurtaxonimports(metonymy)O.ClintonarguesforKremlin'seconomicreform(metonymy)P.WhiteHousebacksthebill(metonymy)newsleadnewsleadreferstothefirstorfirstseveralparagraphsofanewsitemwhichsummarizethemaincontentofthenews,i.e.thefiveelementsofnews.leadsentence,leadparagraphandleadblock.summary,narrative,contrastandcomparison,staccato,directaddress,andquotationnewsleadssummarysentencesummarysentencea.NopartofMexicansocietyhasfullycometotermswithwhathappenedinOctober1968.(abouttheeventthattheMexicanpolicesuppressedyouthstudents’movementin1968)b.Malaysiaresortstomassslaughterinastruggletocontainanoutbreakofadeadlyvirusthatisplaguingitspigs,worryingitspeopleandthreateningitstourismandexportindustries.structureofnewsreporting“InvertedPyramid”whichmeansthatthenewsfactsanddetailsarearrangedindescendingorderofimportance.“PyramidStructure”whichmeansfactsarenarratedinchronologicalorder.Thiseveningatabout9:30p.m.atFord'sTheatre,thePresident,whilesitt