自考英语词汇学-第十章课件

英语词汇学Chapter10EnglishDictionaries英语词典Dictionary（词典）:Dictionaryisabookwhichpresentsinanalphabeticalorder(字母顺序）thewordsofEnglishwithinformationasto(关于）theirspelling,pronunciation,meaning,usage,rulesofgrammar,andinsome,theiretymology（词源）.10.1TypesofDictionaries词典的类型10.1.1MonolingualandBilingualDictionaries单语词典和双语词典Monolingualdictionariesarewritteninonelanguage.Thatistheheadword（主词条）orentries（词目）aredefinedandillustrated（阐明）inthesameLanguage.Bilingualdictionaries（双语词典）:BilingualdictionariesinvolvetwoLanguages.Themainentriesaregenerallydefinedorexplainedinthesamelanguagewithtranslation.10.1.2LinguisticandEncyclopedicdictionaries语言词典和百科词典Linguisticdictionaries（语言词典）aimatdefiningwordsandexplainingtheirusageinthelanguage.Theyusuallycoversuchareasasspelling,pronunciation,meaning,grammaticalfunction,usageandetymology（词源）,etc.thesedictionariescanbemonolingualandbilingual.Encyclopedicdictionariescanbefurtherdividedintoencyclopedia（百科全书）andencyclopedicdictionaries（百科词典）.10.1.3Unabridged，deskandpocketdictionaries大型（非节略）词典、案头词典和袖珍词典Unabridgeddictionaries:Asthenameindicates,anunabridgeddictionaryisanunshortenedone.Theoretically,itisacompleterecordofallthewordsinuse.Suchadictionaryisthemostcompletedescriptionofwordsavailabletous.Deskdictionaries:Deskdictionariesaremedium-sizedonescontainingwordsrangingfrom50,000to150,000.Pocketdictionaries:Thesedictionarieshaveabout50,000entriesorfewer.Suchadictionaryprovidesonlythespellingandpronunciationofeachwordwithafewmostcommonmeanings.。10.1.4specializeddictionaries（专用词典）Specialdictionariesconcentrateonaparticularareaoflanguageorkonwledge.Thesedictionariesmaynotbeverylargeinsize,yeteachcontainsmuchmoredetailedinformationonthesubjectthanyoucanfindinageneralunabridgedone.10.2UseofDictionaries词典的使用10.2.1ChoiceofDictionary词典的选择1）Monolingualorbilingual2）Generalorspecializes3）BritishorAmerican4）Earlyorlate10.2.2ContentoftheDictionary词典的内容1).Spelling.Itgivestheacceptedspellingforallwords.2).Pronunciation.Justlikespelling,BritishandAmericanDictionariespresenttheirrespectivestandardpronunciation.3).Definition.Themainbodyofadictionaryisitsdefinitionsofwords.4).Usage.Mostdeskdictionariesprovideusageinformation.5).Grammar.Apartfromtheusualoverageofwordclassesandinflections,dictionariesincludevariousamountsofgrammarinformation.6).Usagenotesandlanguagenotes.7).Etymologicalinformation.MostAmericandeskdictionariesandsomeBritishonesgiveinformationconcerningtheoriginsofwords.8).Supplementarymatter.10.2.3UseofDictionar词典的使用1.Readthecontentspagetofindoutquicklywhatinformationisincludedinthedictionarybecausethispageusuallyprovidesadetailedlistofcontent,includingsupplementarymatter.2.Readtheguidetotheuseofthedictionary,wherethecompilersexplainindetailhowtousethedictionary.10.3ThreeGoodGeneralDictionaries三本普通好词典10.3.1LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish朗曼当代英语词典LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish（朗曼当代英语词典）wasnotedforitswidecoverageofnewwords,newmeaningsandnewnewusages,foritssimpleandcleardefinitions.10.3.2CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguagedictionary科林斯英语词典theuniquefeaturesofCCELD1).Definition（定义）,thedefinitionsinthisdictionaryareallinfullsentences.2).Extracolumn（额外专栏）,theuseofextracolumntodealwithgrammarinformation.3).Usageexamples（用法举例）,inthisdictionary,almosteverymeaningofawordhasanexampletoshowitsmeaningandusage,mostinsentenceform10.3.3AChinese-EnglishDictionary英汉词典1).Itincludedcatchphrases,sayingsandproverbs.2).Theneweditionrevisedsomeoldentries.3).Theneweditionkeepsthepreviousalphabeticalorderofentries,whichmakesthedictionaryeasytouse.4).ThedictionaryboastsofthequalityoftheEnglishequivalentsitprovidesforitsChineseitems.