后元音

后元音BackVowels:/ɑ:////////:/Time:2periodsChaptertwoThefirstperiod第二章第一学时后元音Backvowels:/ɑ:///:/Warming-upExercisePleasereadthefollowingphrasesinfallingtoneandrisingtone,payattentiontothewordscontaining/ɑ:////:///&/:/sounds.Warming-upExercise/ɑ:/alargeshark/astarvedartist//socksandstockings/borrowanovel/clocksandwatches/:/moreandmore/onthefourthfloor/ashortstory/u/lookforthecook/woolensocks/stoodinthefoot/u:/anewrule/usefultools/stoopbyacoolpoolTherearefivebackvowels:/ɑ:////:////u:/Forallofthemlip-roundingplaysanimportantpartinproducingallthebackvowelsexceptfor/ɑ://ɑ:/Thetongueisheldverylow.Themouthisopenedwithnolip-rounding.Thesoundisliketheexclamation“Ah”./ɑ:/isusuallyreadinthefollowingletterorcombinedletters:araalauear①Bar/part/large/lark/harm/star/park/car/parcel/hard/harp/farm/harsh/cart②fast③Half④laugh⑤heartNote:GeneralAmerican//appearsinthepositionofRP/：/inEnglishwordsifthereisno/r/soundfollowing.e.g.fast,pass,laugh,path,ask,last,dance,grass,class,glassPhrases&SentencesafastcarastarvedartistalaughstarastarryMarchnighthalfpastnineThearchitectisplanningtostartworkonthegardennextweek.Theyardwasgettingdark.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.Fathercanparkthecarverywell.//Thesoundismadewithopenjawsandslightopenlip-rounding,thebackofthetongueiskeptverylowandfarback.//isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorcombinedletters:oaouausoftlockhotclocknovelwantwhatwaswatchqualitycoughfogcockpotdogbecausenodAustriaPhrases&SentencesclocksandwatchescottonsocksborrowanovelwashthemopcostalotwatchthatsmallfoxIt’snotthestoryof“TheFoxandtheCock”.Lotsandlotsofclocksandwatcheshasgonewrong.IwantalotofcopiesofthesongbyTom./:/Thissoundhasalow,mid-backtongueposition;thetongueistense;thelipsareroundedandpushedforwardalittle./:/isusuallyreadinthefollowingcombinedletters:aworauaraloreooroarouroughaughsawjawlawdrawhorseborncordfordcausefaultsaucewarfallallsalttalktorebeforemoreboarddoorfourfoughttaughtdaughterPhrases&SentencesmorescoreshortstorieswalkacrossthelawnmorningnewsreportfortyhorsestoputmoresaltYourfourdaughtersareallverytall.Thereportergaveanimportanttalkintheauditorium.Yououghttodowhatthedoctorordered.ComparisonBetween/ɑ:/&//and/:/&///ɑ:////:///dark黑dock码头cork软木cock公鸡guard看守god神short短shot射击sharp锋利shop商店chalk粉笔chock垫块heart心脏hot热cord粗浅cod鳕鱼AdvicetoStudentsSomestudentsareapttoreplace/ɔ/by//e.g.wantisreadas/wnt/.Inordertopreventorcorrectthismistake,youshouldroundthelipsand,atthesametimeraisethebackpartoftonguealittlemorethanfor/:/.Manystudentssubstitute/ɔ:/for/ɔ/.Intheirpronunciation,sport/spɔ:t/andspot/spɔt/soundalike.Toavoidsuchamistake,theyshouldopenthelowerjawlesswide(abouttwothirdsofthejaw-openingfor/ɔ/)andraisethebackofthetonguehigher.GamesandActivitiesPracticeTicktherightwordyouheard:Didyoubuya(cart,cat)?Helikesher(form,farm).The(clerk,clock)isslow.It’sagoodcoat,butIdon’tlikethe(colour,collar).Shewantedtofinda(potter,porter).Themanwas(shot,short).PairworkA:Hey,don’twalkonthelawn.B:Sorry,I’mlookingformywallet.A:Youlostyourwallet?Anythingimportantinit?B:Yes.Alotofmoney.Almostfourthousanddollars.A:That’stoobad.Betterreporttothepoliceofficerwalkingthere.After-classassignmentsReviewandmemorizethewords,phrases,sentencesinclass.Makesentencescontainingbackvowels/ɑ://ɔ//ɔ:/.Listentothetapesandpracticethethreebackvowels/ɑ://ɔ//ɔ:/.ChaptertwoThesecondperiod第二章第二学时后元音Backvowels:///:/Warning-upexercise//lookforthecook/woolensocks/stoodinthefoot/:/anewrule/usefultools/stoopbyacoolpool//Thissoundisproducedwiththetongueinarelaxedposition.Thetipofthetongueisretractedfromthebackofthelowerfrontteeth.Thelipsarelooselyroundedandslightlyprotruded.//isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorcombinedletters:uoooouputsugarbullpushbutcherwolfwomanbosomgoodstoodwoodfootbookcookhooklooktookcouldshouldwouldPhrases&Sentenceslookforthecookpushasidethebutcheragood-lookingwomantookthebookcookthesoupputthesugarinthebottleThecooktooksomesugarandputitinthefood.Hetookabooktothewoodandhadagoodlookatit.Thewomancouldn’tpushthecartfullofwood.Imistookhimforhisbrother./:/Thebackofthetongueisraisedthehighest.Thissoundisthemosttense.Thelipsarecloselyroundedandprotruded./:/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersandcombinedletters:ouooouueewoedowhomoveloseJunerudetoofoodsoonmoonspoonyougroupsoupthroughgluetruebluechewjuiceshoePhrases&SentencesfoodandsoupbluebootschooseagoodschoolatnooninJuneStoopbyacoolpoolusefultoolsThatnewsistoogoodtobetrue.ThatstudentblewupablueballoononanafternooninJune.Asarule,Sueisfoolishandstupidatschool.ComparisonBetween/:/&///:////:///Luke卢克(男子名)look看cooed鸽子叫声could能fool傻瓜full充满who’d=whowouldhood头巾pool水池pull拉stool凳子stood站wooed求婚wood木头shoot射击should应该AdvicetoStudentsStudentssometimesconfuse/u:/with//.Inthepronunciationof/u:/,thelipsaremoreroundedandclosedthanfor//.Thebackofthetongueisraisedhigher,too.ABriefSummaryoftheEnglishBackVowelsTheEnglishbackvowelshavethefollowingfeaturesincommon:Thetongueisretracted,thebackpartisraisedtovariouslevelsinthedirectionofthesoftpalate.Thetipofthetongueissligh