定语从句

HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.Thebookwhichisinterestingbelongstome.ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.Theyhelpedthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisred.引导词（关系代词）的作用1、引导作用,引出定语从句2、替代先行词在定语从句中担当某个成分（主，宾，定）的作用egHeisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.Theyhelpedthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Who代替theman在定从中充当主语Themanwantstoseeyou.Whose代替theman’s在定从中充当定语Theman’scarhadbrokendown.HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.Thebookwhichisinterestingbelongstome.ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisred.Whom代替theman在定从中充当宾语Which代替thebook在定从中充当主语Which代替thebook在定从中充当宾语Whose代替thebook’s在定从中充当定语如何确定定语从句的引导词？1分清主句和定语从句2找准定语从句的先行词3确定要填/用的引导词在定语从句中充当的成分引导词代指先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语的------who,whom,that,which引导词代指先行词在定语从句中作定语-----whose先行词在定从中作成分引导词用人主语who,that宾语whom,that,（who）,省略物主语which,that宾语which,that,省略Theman______hairwasshavedoffisKongXiangdong.Kongisaclassicalpianist_________welearntaboutinlesson3.Hesurprisedhisfansbygivingaconcert__________combinedclassicalmusicwithChinesefolkmusic.WhenKongwasyoung,hismothercouldn’tbuyhimapianountilhewasseven,sohehadtoplaythepaperpiano__________hismotherdrewforhim.BecauseofKong’stalentandhardwork,hebecameagreatpianist_________iswell-knowntopeoplealloverChina.Exercise1whosewhom/that/省略which/thatwhich/that/省略who/that•1Theoperawasboring.Wesawtheopera.•2Thearchitect建筑师iscreative.•Thearchitectdesignedthenewbuilding.•3Hewasapainter.•Thepainter’spictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.•4Heisapaper-cuttingexpert.Iinterviewedhimyesterday.Exercise2Theoperawhich/that/省略wesawwasboring.Thearchitectwhodesignedthenewbuildingiscreative.Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Heisapaper-cuttingexpertwhomIinterviewedyesterday.Exercise3Keywords:KongXiangdong,piano,hair,concert,success/successful…看图写定语从句Keywords:goat，wolf,blownskin皮肤黝黑,pink粉红色Exercise3ThemanwhoisplayingthepianoisKongXiangdong.ThemanwhosehairwasshavedoffisKongXiangdong.TheconcertwhichwasgivenbyKongwasagreatsuccess.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)当先行词是不定代词all,alot,few,little,much,none,something,anything,nothing等或被不定代词all,any,no,much,little,few,every,some所修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.(2)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时Arethesethecheapestshoesthatyoucanbuy?(4)当先行词被thevery(正是）,theonly,thesame,thelast等所修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(指同一辆单车）(5)当先行词既指人又指物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.(6)当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑问句时Whichisthecarthatwasboughtbyhim?Whoisthegirlthatistalkingthere?(7)在therebe句型结构中ThereisstillapointthatIcan’tunderstand.(8)关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作表语时Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1)当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等不定代词时Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.(2)当先行词是he,they,those,people,等词时Hewhowantstocatchfishdoesnotmindgettingwet.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?(4)在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：Sheistheonlygirl(that)Iknowwhocanplaytheguitar.（6）在以therebe开头的句型中多用whoThereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词在从句中作状语，一般都等于一个适当的介词＋which。when=in/at/on/during…+which(时间状语）where=in/at/on/…+which（地点状语）why=for+which（原因状语）1Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.3Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.When在定从中充当时间状语，相当于onthedayWhere在定从中充当地点状语，相当于inthefactoryWhy在定从中充当原因状语，相当于forthereasononwhichinwhichforwhichWewenttovisitthemuseumontheday.Myfatheronceworkedinthefactory.Hewaslateforthereason.如何确定定语从句的引导词？1分清主句和定语从句2找准定语从句的先行词3确定要填/用的引导词在定语从句中充当的成分引导词代指先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语的------who,whom,that,which引导词代指先行词在定语从句中作定语-----whose引导词代指先行词在定语从句中作状语-----when,where,why4看是否特殊情况先行词在定从中作成分引导词用人主语who,that宾语whom,that,（who）,省略物主语which,that宾语which,that,省略用关系词填空1Thisisthehouse____Iboughtlastyear.Thisisthehouse____IlivedwhenIwasyoung.2Iwillremembertheday____hesaidgoodbyetome.Iwillremembertheday____wespenttogether.3Canyougivemethereason____youarelate?Thisisthebestreason____Icangive.which/that/省略where/inwhichwhen/onwhichwhich/that/省略why/forwhichthat/省略(1)限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，定从也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。Thisisthebookwhichherefersto.这就是他参考的书。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?有没有我能为你做的事情？(2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果定从省略，主句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.这便条是Tom留下的，他刚才在这。(3)两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。Hisbrotherwhoisastudentiseighteenyearsold.（不止一个,所以要用限制性定从来限定）他那个是学生的哥哥18岁。Hisbrother,whoisastudent,iseighteenyearsold.（只有一个）他的哥哥18岁大了，是个学生。什么情况下用非限制性定语从句呢？（不必限定，只需补充说明时）1当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词等修饰时.London,whichliesontheRiverThames,isthecapitalofEngland.CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,which