[高三语文]定语从句

句子分类简单句并列句复合句1.主谓2.主谓宾3.主系表4.主谓双宾5.主谓宾宾补状语从句定语从句名词性从句and,but,or…相关概念定义定语从句的分类先行词关系词关系词的分类关系词的作用关系词的用法一.定义Thepenisblue.Thepenismine.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫定从。被修饰的名词或代词叫________,引导定从的词叫__________,先行词关系词Thepenwhichisblueismine.二.定语从句的分类Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.补充说明修饰限定关系词分类关系代词关系副词that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen,where,why三.关系词的作用：1.引导定从2.代替先行词3.定从中充当成分Thisisthedictionary.Iboughtthedictionary.Heknowsthedate.Shewasbornonthatdate.Thisisthereason.Iwaslateforthisreason.ThisisthedictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.Heknowsthedatewhenshewasborn.ThisisthereasonwhyIwaslate.四.关系代词的用法关系代词指代在从句中充当成分人物句子主宾定thatwhichwhowhomwhose注意：只有that不能引导非限，which指句子时引导的是非限，指物时都可以；who/whom作宾语区别1.四.关系代词的用法关代(在定从中作主宾表定)关副(在定从中作状语)Who指人:主，宾When=介+which时状Whom指人:宾Where=介+which地状that指人或物:主,宾,表Why=forwhich原因状Which指物或句子:主，宾Whose“某人的，某物的”：定as2.关代的省略情况：当先行词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但两种情况除外：1.在非限中作宾语2.直接放在介词后作宾语Iliketheman,who/whomIvisitedlastyear.Ilikethemanwho/whom/that/ⅹwetalkedaboutyesterday.Ilikethemanaboutwhomwetalkedyesterday.3.填关系代词的依据：1.判断是限定性定从还是非限2.判断先行词是指人，指物还是句子3.判断先行词在从句中充当的成分Aplaneisamachine________canfly.Abookstoreisastore_____sellsbooks.WangLinisthestudent_____Ilikeverymuch.Thegirl_______youmetyesterdayismysister.Iknowtheperson______factoryproducescomputers.Hegotmarriedlastmonth,_______surprisedus.填入关系词并指出其在从句中所做的成分和所指代的内容4.关系代词that与which的用法(暗含先行词指物)在限定性定从中必须使用that的情况：Youshouldhandinall____youhave.(1)当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something/anything/everything/nothing,none,theone时，(2)当先行词前面有theonly,thevery(恰恰，正好),anylittle,few,no,all等词修饰时，ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaitingfor.(3).当先行词是形容词最高级，序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级，序数词修饰时ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.(4).当先行词既有人又有物时Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(5).当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6).有两个定从时，一个宜用which,另外一个宜用thatTheysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.(7).当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，用thatShanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.当先行词指事/物时，定从中必须用which的情况：(1)在非限中，只用which不用that(2)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用whichThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.Isthereanything_______youdon’tunderstandabouttheproblem?Theworstmatter_____Iamafraidofhappenedintheend.Allthepresents________yourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.Thisistheverybook______Ihavebeenlookingfor.Hewaslatefortheopeningceremony,______wasverysurprisingtome.5.关系代词who,whom和that的用法当先行词指人：①在定从中作主语时，用who/that,不可省略；②在定从中作宾语时，用whom/that/who,可以省略；③若直接放在介词后作宾语，只能用whom,并且不可省略。④若是非限，不能用that6.whose引导的定语从句whose在从句中作定语whose+n.ofwhom+the+n.the+n.ofwhomofwhich+the+n.then.+ofwhichThatisthestudent_____drawingswewerelookingatjustnow.Thatisthestudent_____thedrawingswewerelookingatjustnow.Thatisthestudentthedrawings_____wewerelookingatjustnow.Thisisthehouse_______roofisbeingrepaired.Thisisthehouse_______theroofisbeingrepaired.Thisisthehousetheroof_______isbeingrepaired.Theperson________Ispoketojustnowismyteacher.Thepencil______hewaswritingwithbroke.Thepersonto________Ispokejustnowismyteacher.Thepencilwith______hewaswritingbroke.Iwanttotreatmybosstodinnerunder______influenceIbecomebetter.whichwhomwhose+n.7.总结：介词+关系代词注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。ThisisthepenwhichIamlookingfor.TheTV__whichhespenthismoneyismadeinChina.Themanisourmanager_______whomweareproud.Thespeed____whichthecarisrunningisveryhigh.Theprice_____whichwebuythehouseislow.Thisistheship_____whichmyfatherworks.Thisistheship______whichIwenttoBeijing.介词的选择总结：根据从句中词组的搭配总结：先行词和介词的搭配总结：根据在从句中的意义Theoldmanhasthreesons,one______whomisaworker.A.ofB.atC.withD.inIhavereadtwostories,neither_____whichisinteresting.A.inB.atC.withD.of总结：部分与整体的关系8.as引导的定语从句(1).限定性定从：Wehavefoundsuchmaterials_____areusedintheirfactory.Thisissogoodahouse______youintroduced.Iboughtthesamecoat____youarewearing.Humannatureisnotsuch____Ithought.区别：1.such/so…as引导的定从与such/so…that引导的状从Heissuchacleverboy___everyonelikes.Heissuchacleverboy____everyonelikeshim.区别2.thesameas…和thesamethat和…是同一类和…是同一个Thisisthesamecoat_____Ilost.Iboughtthesamecoat_____youarewearing.thatas(2)as引导非限与which引导非限的区别as译成“正如”，多用于下列习惯用语中：asweallknow/asisknowntoall,aswehadexpected,asanybodycansee,asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样)，asismentionedbefore(正如上面所提到的)；which则常译成“这”●●as引导的非限可以放在句首,句中,句末which在引导非限时不可以放在句首____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What区分：____isknowntoall,heisgoodatgivingspeeches.____isknowntoallthatheis…____isknowntoallisthatheis…AsItWhat五.关系副词when时间状表时间介词(in/at)+whichwhere地点状表地点介词(in/at)+whichwhy原因状forwhichIremembertheday____________Ifirstcamehere.Iremembertheday____________wespenttogether.Canyoutellmetheoffice__________heworks?Canyoutellmetheoffice_____________youvisitedyesterday?Doyouknowthereason_________heisabsent?Doyouknowthereason___________heexplainedlastnight?when/onwhichthat/which/×where/inwhichthat/which/×why/for-that/which/×地点名词抽象化如果先行词是situation,case(案例),scene(场景)，stage(阶段)，point(阶段,关头,瞬间,时刻),activity并且在从句中作状语时，用where引导定从1.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.(2001