Marxist-Criticism

MarxistCriticism曾桂铭1093421951Contents1.TheBackgroundofMarxistCriticism2.LiteratureandHistory3.CriticalRealismandSocialistRealism4.Determination5.NarrativeasaSociallySymbolicAct6.ThePrison-HouseofLanguageTheBackgroundofMarxistCriticism•TheDefinitionofMarxistCriticismWithPhilosophyofMarxismasaguideandliteraryWorksofMarxismasareference,MarxistCriticismistheanalysismadeontheinterpretationofliteraryworks.ItincludesnotonlytheliterarycriticismofMarxandEngels,butalsoavarietyofWesternMarxistCriticismundertheinfluenceofMarxismdevelopedintwentiethcentury.TheBackgroundofMarxistCriticism•ThedivisionofMarxistCriticism1.ClassicalMarxism2.EarlyWesternMarxism3.LateMarxismClassicalMarxism•BasicTenets:Materialism,economicdeterminism,classstruggle,surplusvalue,reification,proletarianrevolution,communism•RepresentativeFigure:MarxandEngels→IdeologyFranzMehring→NaturalismPlekhanov→theoryofreflection•Characteristics:NearlynotheoreticalconstructionEarlyWesternMarxism•Hallmark:ItturnedMarxistCriticismintoaculturalcritiquefromthephilosophicalperspective.•RepresentativeFigure:GeorgLukacs,M.Bakhtin,FrankfurtSchoolofMarxism(WalterBenjamin)LouisAlthussser,RaymondWilliamsGeorgLukacs•ThefirstWesternMarxist•HeinsistsontraditionalMarxistreflectionisttheory.•TwoFallacies:Falseobjectivism→mechanisticmaterialismFalsesubjectivism→idealismLouisAlthussserStructuralisticMarxism:HeinterpretedMarxismintermsofstructuralismandproposedasocietywherevarioussociallevelsarerelativelyindependentyetboundtogetherinatotality.Ideologyresemblesthemirrorwhichreflectsone’simagebacktooneselfinaclosed,narcissisticanddistortedfashion.LateMarxismFredricJameson•Herestoredtoliterarystudythehistoricalresponsibilitybyre-emphasizingthereflectiveandtransformativefunctionsofliteratureatatimeinWesternhistorywhenthesefunctionswerebadlyneeded.•Meta-commentaryItsuggests“notahead-on,directsolutionorresolution,butacommentaryontheveryconditionoftheproblemitself.”LiteratureandHistory•Thedefinitionoftheterms1.Baseandsuperstructure(the“forces”and“relations”ofproduction)2.Literatureandsuperstructure(literaturemaybeapartofthesuperstructure,butitisnotmerelythepassivereflectionoftheeconomicbase)3.Literatureandideology(artcan’tbereducedtoideology:ithasaparticularrelationshiptoit)4.Commitment(awriterdosenotregardhisworkasmeanstoanend,andtheyareanendinthemselves)CriticalRealismandSocialistRealism•Criticalrealism:ItisakindofprodigalBourgeoisrealismthatexposesthevicesofsociety,describingtheindividuallifeandadventuresunderthefamilytradition,religiousdogmasandtherepressionoflawsoflife.•Socialistrealism:Beingbasedonaconcretesocialistperspective,itusesthisperspectivetodescribetheforcesworkingtowardssocialismfromtheinside.•Typicality:Thetypicalheroreactswithhisentirepersonalitytothelifeofhisage.Determination•DefinitionItisakindoftheoryordoctrinethatconsiderobjectivelawsandcausalrelationprevalentlyexistinnatureandhumansociety.•“AMarxismwithoutsomeconceptofdeterminationisineffectworthless.AMarxismwithmanyoftheconceptsofdeterminationitnowhasisquiteradicallydisabled.”NarrativeasaSociallySymbolicAct•PoliticalunconsciousTheideologyinthedailylifeembodiestheexistenceofthepolitics,suchasthesocialsystem,politicaltheory,andvariousculturalfacilities.Thisideologyconstitutesadeepunconsciousrepressiononpeople.•Interpretationproper-whatwehavecalled“strong”rewritingThePrison-HouseofLanguage•Languageasamodel•Theattempttoseetheliteraryworkasalinguisticsystemisinrealitytheapplicationofametaphor.•FormalismandstructuralismThankyouforyourlistening!