密级:NANCHANGUNIVERSITY学士学位论文THESISOFBACHELOR(2007—2011年)题目学院:系专业班级:学生姓名:学号:指导教师:职称:起讫日期:南昌大学学士学位论文原创性申明本人郑重申明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式表明。本人完全意识到本申明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名:日期:学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权南昌大学可以将本论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。保密□,在年解密后适用本授权书。本学位论文属于不保密□。(请在以上相应方框内打“√”)作者签名:日期:导师签名:日期:摘要Ⅰ南昌市湿地维管植物多样性专业:生物工程学号:5602207069学生姓名:魏泰维指导教师:陈少风摘要本次研究通过实地调查、采集标本及查阅相关文献,对南昌市区几个典型湖泊及南昌市内赣江部分区段湿地维管植物进行了调查统计。调查结果表明该地共有维管植物144种分属44科,物种多样性较为丰富,这与该地处于亚热带及人为影响有关。以上湿地植物生活型以地面芽植物和一年生植物占优势,以被子植物为主。其中含有较多的科是禾本科和菊科,含有较多种的属是蓼属和莎草属,出现频率较高的物种主要有狗芽根、空心莲子草、白茅等。调查到的植物有不少巳广泛应用于湿地园林景观和人工湿地,某些种类具有一定的应用潜力。此次研究沿湿地水分梯度按照水边、沙滩、远水草地、林草交错带顺序对南昌市内的部分湿地维管植物进行了调查统计。调查区域为:南昌大学前湖校区(非种植园林植物)、前湖、赣江生米大桥到八一大桥段(渔舟湾湿地公园)、青山湖。调查结果显示维管植物的生活型组成中,多年生或一年生杂草及多年生禾草组成远水草地群落的主体,植物的生活型以地面芽和地下芽植物为主。本研究旨在使我们能够使我们大致了解南昌市湿地维管植物多样性结构、复杂程度、组织水平和生境差异。关键词:南昌市;湿地;维管植物;AbstractⅡNanchangwetlandvascularplantdiversityAbstractInThisstudy,Iinvestigatedwetlandvascularplantsthroughfieldsurveytocollectdata,accesstorelevantliteratureonseveraltypicallakesandpartofthesectionganriverinNanchang,.InparticularthelakesinNanchanglikeQianlake,Xianglake,Qingshanglakeandsoon.Surveyresultsshowthatinatotalof144speciesofvaccularplantsbelongingto44families,speciesdiversityismoreabundant,thisistheplaceinthesubtropicalandhumanimpacton.Overthelifeformofwetlandplantsandannualshemicryptophytedominatedbyangiospermsbased.WhichcontainsmorefamiliesareGramineaeandcompositae,withmorevarietyofthegenusisgeneraPolygonumandsedges,thehigherthefrequencyofthemainspeciesofCynodondactylon(L.)Pers.alligatorgrass,imperataandsoon.Investigationintotheplanthavebeenwidelyusedinmanywetlandlandscape,somespecieshavesomepotentialapplications.InthestudyIcarryoutasurveyonstudyalongthegradientfromthesurfacewaterecotone,beach,farplants,thegrasswithinthetransitionalzone,treebeltinNanchangpartoftheorderofwetlandvascularplants.Thesurveyareaare:theQianlakeareaofNanchangUniversity(no-cultivatedgardenplants),theQianlake,theQianlakek,theBayibrigetoShenmibridgeoftheGanRiver(YuzhouwanPark),Qinqshanlake.Ineachsectionofplantlifeformcommunityfunctionalgroupcomposition,thepernninalweedsandperennialgrassesandthemostofthegrassesarecommunitycomposition,lifeformtothegroundandundergroundshootsplant-basedbud.ThemeansthatwecanmaketoourunderstandingofvascularplantsinNanchangdiversityofwetlandstructuralcomplexity,theleveloforganization,stabilityandhabitatdifferences,butalsohelptopromotelocalresearchAnnandregionalbiodiversityconservationprocess.Keyword:Nanchang;Wetland;Vassularplants目录III目录摘要····························································································ⅠAbstract························································································Ⅱ第一章自然环境概况及湿地现状·······················································11.1南昌地区自然环境概况······························································11.2南昌地区湿地现状···································································31.3南昌市气候·············································································31.4本论文的意义··········································································3第二章调查方法与结果分析·····························································42.1调查方法················································································42.2结果分析················································································52.3维管植物区系地理分析·····························································12第三章维管植物多样性保护····························································103.1植物入侵···············································································133.2濒危物种保护·········································································14第四章讨论与小结········································································16参考文献(References)···································································17致谢前言-1-前言湿地一般被认为是陆地与水域之间的过渡地带;广义上则被定义为天然或人工、常久或暂时的沼泽地泥炭地或水域地带,带有静止或流动或淡水‘半咸水或咸水水体者,包括低潮时水深不超过6米的浅海区、河流、湖泊、水库稻田等;湿地具有调节水循环和作为栖息地养育生物多样性的基本生态功能。一些科学家反湿地称为“自然之肾”,原因在于其在水分和化学物质循环中所表现的功能及在下游作为自然和人类废弃源的接收器的功能上,也可以作为地下水和地面水以及具有排洪、蓄洪功能。在某种意义上来说湿地在景观中为动植物区系提供了独立的生境。据统计,全世界共有湿地8558×106km2,占陆地总面积的6.4%,其中以热带比例最高,占湿地总面积的30.82%寒带占29.89%,亚热带占25.06%,亚寒带占11.89%。中国湿地面积占世界湿地的10%,们居亚洲第一位,世界第四位[1]。湿地作为一种资源,在保护环境方面起着极其重要的作用。湿地可以调节降水量不均带来的洪涝与干旱,将过多的降雨和来水储存、缓冲,然后逐步放出发挥着蓄洪抗旱的功能;湖泊、江河、水库等大量水面及水生植物可以调节气候,水体的热量调节和蒸发作用可以使周围地区的酷热隐藏温,空气湿度增加;湿地植被的自然特性可以防止和减轻对海岸经线,河口弯的江河、湖岸的侵蚀,使植被根系及堆积的植物体稳固基地、海浪和水流冲力削弱,沉积物沉降,促淤造陆速度是裸地的3到5倍。湿地中的许多挺水、浮水和沉水植物,它们能够在其组织中富集金属及一些有害物质,很多植物还能参与解毒过程,对污染物质进行吸收,代谢,分解,积累及水体净化,起到降解环境污染的作用。如同肾能够帮助人体排泄废物,维持新陈代谢一样,湿地对于地地球的重要作用是显而易见的。生物多样性是生态系统稳定的基础。对于湿地采取就地保护措施、建立湿地保护区是保护生物多样性的最有效手段。湿地保护区的建立和发展,可以使人们在社会和经济建设上获得巨大收益。南昌湿地主要以湖泊湿地为主,如:青山湖(位于市区东北面,水或面积316公顷)、象湖(位于八大山人纪念馆西侧)、梅湖(位于青云谱区昌南大道南面因世居于此的梅村而名)、前湖等等。第一章-2-第一章概述1.1南昌地区自然环境概况南昌市地处江西省中部偏北、赣江、抚河下游冲积平原,滨临鄱阳湖。介于东径115°27′-115°27′、北纬28°09′-29°11′。全境以平原为主,东南平坦,西北丘陵起伏,南北长约112.1公里,东西宽约10