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外文资料Outline,ApplicationandDevelopmentofthesinglechipThesinglechipisonekindofintegratedcircuitchip,whichusestheultralarge-scaletechnologyandhasthedata-handlingcapacity(forexamplearithmeticoperation,logicoperation,datatransfer,interruptprocessing)themicroprocessor(CPU),randomaccessdata-carrierstorage(RAM),read-onlyprogrammemory(ROM),inputoutputcircuit(I/O),possiblyalsoincludesfixedtimethecounter,serialpassesunguardedly(SCI),demonstrationactuationelectriccircuit(LCDorLEDactuationelectriccircuit),pulse-durationmodulationelectriccircuit(PWM),simulationmultichannelswitchandA/ElectriccircuitandsoonDswitchintegratestotogetherthemonolithchipon,constitutestobesmallestthecomputersystemwhichhoweverconsummates.Theseelectriccircuitscanunderthesoftwarecontrolaccurate,berapid,highlyeffectivecompletetheproceduredesignerpresettheduty.Fromthislookedthat,singlechiphasthefunctionwhichthemicroprocessordoesnothave,itmayalonecompletetheintellectualizationcontrolfunctionwhichthemodernindustrycontrolrequests,thisissinglechipbiggestcharacteristic.Howeversinglechipalsoisdifferentwiththesingletrigger,thechipbeforethedevelopment,itonlyhasthefunctiongreatlystrengthenedultralargescaleintegratedcircuit,ifentrustswithitthespecificprocedure,itthenisyoungest,theintegritymicrocomputercontrolsystem,it(PCmachine)hastheessentialdifferencewiththesingletriggerorthepersonalcomputing,singlechipapplicationbelongstothechiplevelapplication,needstheusertounderstandsinglechipchipthestructureandthecommandsystemaswellasotherintegratedcircuitapplicationtechnologiesandthesystemdesignneedtheoryandtechnology,withsuchspecificchipdesignapplicationprocedure,thuscausesthischiptohavethespecificfunction.Thedifferentsinglechiphasthedifferenthardwarecharacteristicandthesoftwarecharacteristic,namelytheirtechnicalcharacteristicisdifferent,thehardwarecharacteristicisdecidedbysinglechipchipinternalstructure,theusermustusesomekindofsinglechip,mustunderstandwhetherthisproductdoessatisfythecharacteristictargetwhichtheneedthefunctionandtheapplicationsystemrequests.Heretechnicalcharacteristicincludingfunctioncharacteristic,controlcharacteristicandelectricalspecificationandsoon,theseinformationneedstoobtainfromintheproductionmerchanttechnicalmanual.Thesoftwarecharacteristicisreferstothecommandsystemcharacteristicandthedevelopmentsupportenvironment,theinstructioncharacteristicissinglechipaddressingwaywhichweisfamiliarwith,thedataprocessingandthelogicalprocessingway,input-outputcharacteristicandtopowersourcerequestandsoon.Thedevelopmentsupportenvironmentiscompatibleandtheprobabilityincludingtheinstruction,supportsthesoftware(tocontainmaysupportdevelopmentapplicationproceduresoftwareresources)andthehardwareresources.Mustusesomemodelsinglechiptodevelopownapplicationsystem,masteritsstructurecharacteristicandthetechnicalcharacteristicisthatweneed..Singlechipcontrolsystemcouldsubstituteforbeforeusescontrolsystemwhichthecomplexelectroniccircuitorthedigitalcircuitconstituted,mightthesoftwarecontrolrealizes,andcouldrealizetheintellectualization,nowsinglechipcontrolcategoryomnipresent,forexamplecorrespondenceproduct,domesticelectricappliances,intelligentinstrumentmeasuringappliance,processcontrolandspecial-purposecontroldeviceandsoon,singlechipapplicationdomainwasmoreandmorewidespread.Indeed,singlechipapplicationsignificanceisfarisnotrestrictedinitsapplicationcategoryorfromthistheeconomicefficiencywhichbrings,itfundamentallychangedthetraditionalcontrolmethodandthedesignthoughtmoreimportantly.Iscontrolstechnicalarevolution,isanimportantmilestone.2.TheMCU’sdevelopmentoutlineIn1946firstelectronicaccountingmachinebirthuntilnow,onlythen50years,dependsuponmicroelectronictechnologyandthesemiconductortechnologyprogress,fromtheelectrontube-transistor-integratedcircuit-largescaleintegratedcircuit,nowtogetheronthechipdefinitelymayintegrateseveralmillionevenmorethantenmilliontransistor,causesthecomputervolumeslightly,thefunctionisstronger.Speciallyinthenearly20yearstime,computertechnologyobtainedtherapiddevelopment,thecomputerintheindustryandagriculture,thescientificresearch,theeducation,thenationaldefenseandtheaerospacedomainhasobtainedthewidespreadapplication,computertechnologyalreadywasanationalmodernscienceandtechnologylevelimportantsymbol.Singlechipisborninthe20thcentury70's,lookslikeF8monolithicmicrocomputerwhichFairchidCorporationdevelops.Theso-calledsinglechipisusesthelargescaleintegratedcircuittechnologythecentralprocessingelement(CenterProcessingUnit,AlsoisChangChengCPU)andthedata-carrierstorage(RAM),theprogrammemory(ROM)andotherI/Opassesintegratesunguardedlyontogetherthechip,constitutesasmallestcomputersystem,butmodernsinglechipthenhasaddedontheseveranceunit,fixedtimeunitandA/Dtransformationandsoonmorecomplex,moreperfectelectriccircuit,causessinglechipthefunctionmoreandmoreformidable,theapplicationismorewidespread.The20thcentury70's,microelectronictechnologyisbeingatthedevelopmentphase,theintegratedcircuitbelongstothescaledevelopmenttime,eachkindofnewmaterialnewcraftnotyetmature,singlechips