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Lesson4Anexcitingtripkangaroopouchkoala6Group1themostcommonreasonsfortravelingGroup2ThedifferenttypesoftravelGroup3thedifferentmeansoftransportationintravellingGroup4TheplaceyouwanttovisitmostandgiveyourreasonGroup5Theaspectsyoushouldconsiderbeforetravelinggrouptravelbackpacktravelself-drivingtravelLet’sgotravellingGrouptravelInChina,itisthemostcommonwayoftravelling.Whenitcomestotravelling,mostChinesepeoplewillgotoatravelagencyfirst.Inatravelagencyyoucanfindalotoftravelinformation,theonlythingyouneedtodoistochooseatravelgrouptosignupfor.Thengohometodothepackings.advantagesNopreparationTimesavingSecurityguaranteesConvenientMakingmorefriendsLearningwhiletravellingdisadvantagesLookatthepicturesbelow,thenyoucanfindthedisadvantagesofgrouptravel.Hugecrowdsofpeople!Howcanyouenjoythebeautifulview???Theonlythingpeopledowhiletravellingistakingphotos.Takingphotosofbeautifulviews?Oh,noviewsbutcrowdsintheirphotosYoumustbuysomething.TourguidetravelerYouareoftenforcedtobuythingswhiletakinggrouptravel.What’sworse,thesouvenirsyouboughtmaybetheproductsofpoorqualities.BackpacktravelAsanewtypeoftravel,backpacktravelisdevelopingrapidlyinrecentyears.Moreandmorepeoplearetiredofgrouptravel,theywanttotravelindependently.Theywanttoseeplaceswhichmostofusdon’tfamiliarwith.Wecallthesepeoplebackpacktravelers,andinChinesetheyhaveaquitefunnyname‘lvyou(驴友）’,whichmeansfriendsofdonkeysliterally.Mostbackpackersprefertotravelontheirowntoenjoyhisorhersolitarylife.Youcanalsotravelwithyourtruefriends.Self-drivingtravelisanothergoodchoice.HoneymoontravelHowromantic!DocarefulpreparationsTourrouteWeatherTimeplanMapHotelPossibleexpensesCulturessecurity……Todaywe’lllistentoastoryaboutatriptoAustralia.Watchthevideo,thenanswerthequestion.WhyisTimfindingthistripexciting?Thisishisfirsttripabroad.TimhasbeeninAustraliaforsixmonths.2.WhatdoeshedoinAustralia?Heisworkingforabigfirmasanengineer.1.HowlonghasTimbeeninAustralia?SummarywritingThewriterhasjustreceivedaletterfromhisbrother,Tim.Timisanengineer.HehasbeeninAustraliaforsixmonths.Hehasjustalreadyvisitedmanyplaces.NowheisinAlicesprings.Timhasneverbeenabroadbefore.Heisenjoyinghistripverymuch.Languagepoints1.Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother.收到某人来信2.Heisworkingforabigfirm.getaletterfromsb.havealetterfromsb.hearfromsb.在…上班、任职,还可以用workat/ine.g.Myfatherworksforabusinesscompany.3.hehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.anumberof+可数名词的复数，number前一般可用large,great,small等形容词强调数量大小。Languagepoints4.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings.Hehasgonetothesouth.(还在)Hehasbeentothesouth.(去过)5.Heisfindingthistripveryexciting.find+n+adj.觉得…怎么样e.g.Ifindthefilmboring.Doyoufindthebookveryinteresting?Retelllesson4withthefollowinghints.boughtanAustraliancar/gonetoAliceSprings/inthecentreof/visitDarwin/flytoPerth.receivedaletter/brother/Tim/inAustralia/forsixmonths/engineer/abigfirm/visited//differentplaces/neverbeenabroad/before/finding/exciting.现在完成时态Winterhasalreadycome.Grammar现在完成时的构成形式havedonehas助动词过去分词Grammar用来表示动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿现在完成时的含义也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.--从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢sumup一、现在完成时1)构成肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它否定句：主语+have/hasnot+过去分词+其它疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它HehasbeentoAustralia.HehasnotbeentoAustralia.HashebeentoAustralia?nowpastfuture一般过去时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响Grammar现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时错Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.对Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.Grammar3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续)Grammar延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。比较延续动词与瞬间动词Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)I’veknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)Grammarsince用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)GrammarHehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeento,have/hasgonetoGrammar