英语写作基础教程Chapter-4

Chapter4DevelopingParagraphsFeaturesofaParagraphAnalysisofSample1acentralideasupportingevidencecloseconnectionFeaturesofaParagraphTask1:ReadSample2onpage94andidentifythethreefundamentalfeatures:thecentralidea,thesupportingevidence,andhowconnectionbetweensentencesisachieved.ReadSample3andfindthecentralidea.Aneffectiveparagraphmusthaveacentralidea,whichmaybeexpressedeitherexplicityinatopicsentenceorimplicitly.FeaturesofaParagraphTopicsentenceWenowhave,asaresultofmodernmeansofcommunication,hundredsofthousandsofwordsflungatusdaily.Weareconstantlybeingtalkedat,byteachers,preachers,salesmen,publicofficials,andmotionpicturesoundtracks.Thecriesofadvertiserspursueusintoourveryhomes,thankstotheradio—andinsomehousestheradioisneverturnedofffrommorningtonight.Dailythenewsboybringsus,inlargecities,fromthirtytofiftyenormouspagesofprint,andalmostthreetimesthatamountonSunday.Wegooutandgetmorewordsatbookstoresandlibraries.Wordsfillourlives.FeaturesofaParagraph①Hasnewinformation②Isspecific③Isgeneralenoughtoinviteexplorationofthetopic④Isstrong⑤IsnotanannouncementTopicsentenceAgoodtopicsentence:1)a.Wewenttotheshowlastnight.b.Wehadaterribletimeattheshowlastnight.2)a.Norrisisthebrighteststudentinourbiologyclass.b.Norrisisenrolledinabiologyclass.3)a.Thelongestthreeweeksofmylifewerewhenourauntvisitedlastsummer.b.Ourauntvisitedusforthreeweekslastsummer.4)a.IhadmyfirstdatewithClarencelastspring.b.MyfirstdatewithClarencelastspringwasadisaster.FeaturesofaParagraphTopicsentenceWriteyourowntopicsentenceforeachofthefollowingtopics.Makesureeachsentenceexpressesaparticularpointaboutthetopic.○Topic:NightClassesTopicsentence:Iprefertakingnightclassestodayclassestofitmyworkschedules.(1)Topic:Black-andWhiteMoviesTopicsentence:_____________(2)Topic:CapitalPunishmentTopicsentence:______________(3)Topic:RapMusicTopicsentence:_____________(4)Topic:HorrorMoviesTopicsentence:______________ExerciseSupplyatopicsentenceforthefollowingparagraphs:1.…Adogwillfollowhismasteranywhere,butacatkeepstothehouseitisusedto:andevenwhenthehousechangeshands,thecatwillremainthere,solongasitiskindlytreatedbythenewowners.Acatdoesnotseemtobecapableofthepersonaldevotionoftenshownbyadog.Itthinksmostofitsowncomfort,anditsloveisonlycupboardlove.2.…Red,forexample,isthecoloroffire,heat,bloodandlife.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.Redisalsousedforsignsofdanger,suchasstopsignsandfireengines.Orangeisthebright,warmcolorofleavesinautumn.Peoplesayorangeisalivelycolor.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassinspring.Peoplesayitisarefreshingcolor.FeaturesofaParagraphTransitionI’vehadarealproblemwithmycarleakingoilonthedrivewaylately.There’sapoolofoiltwothirdsofthewayuponbothsidesofthedriveway.There’sapoolofoilinsidethegaragewhereIparkthecar.Icleantheoilup.Thenextdayit’sbackagain.Itookthecartoagaragetohavetheoilchangedandtheleaktopped.TheproblemwasmoredifficultthanI’dexpected.Therearmainbearingsealwasleaking,buttoreplaceit,theenginewouldhavetobepulled.Icouldn’taffordthat,soIhadtowaitandsaveupsomemoney.Iputthreeoilpansonthespotswherethecarleaksoilwhenit’sparked.Ican’tthinkofanyothersolutionfornow.I’vehadarealproblemwithmycarleakingoilonthedrivewaylately.First,there’sapoolofoiltwothirdsofthewayuponbothsidesofthedriveway.There’sanotherpoolofoilinsidethegaragewhereIparkthecar.AfterIcleantheoilup.Thenextdayit’sbackagain.Finally,Itookthecartoagaragetohavetheoilchangedandtheleaktopped.However,theproblemwasmoredifficultthanI’dexpected.Therearmainbearingsealwasleaking,buttoreplaceit,theenginewouldhavetobepulled.Icouldn’taffordthat,soIhadtowaitandsaveupsomemoney.Inthemeantime,Iputthreeoilpansonthespotswherethecarleaksoilwhenit’sparked.Ican’tthinkofanyothersolutionfornow.ExerciseA.inadditionB.forexampleC.infactD.alsoE.furthermoreTeachersofforeignlanguagesshouldbeextremelywell-qualifiedinordertocarryouttheirdutiesproperly.___(1)__,ateachershouldpossessaminimumofagraduatedegreefromacertifiededucationschoolorinstituteifheistoteachhighschoolorbelow.Besidestheacademicdegree,teachersshouldnotconsiderteachingonlyasanoccupationforearningmoney;theyshould__(2)__beinterestedinteaching.___(3)___,itwasnecessarythatteachersbeknowledgeableintheirmajorfields.Theyshouldbeskillfulaswell._(4)__,thelanguageteachermustknowthetargetlanguagewellenoughtobeimitatedbyhisstudents.Proficiencyinthetargetlanguageincludesfoursskills:understanding,speaking,reading,andwriting.Ateachershouldknowthelinguisticfactsofthelanguageofthestudentsinordertounderstandtheproblemstheywillhaveinlearningthetargetlanguage.__(5)__,theteachermustbefamiliarwithaudio-lingualtechniques.Knowingallthiswillhelpthestudentstolearncorrectlyandquickly.StepsinWritingaParagraphStep1：thinkofthetopicorthemeormainidea,andexpressitinacompletesentence(topicsentence).Step2:thinkofthedetailsorexamplesorfactsthatmaybeusedtosupportorexplainthemainidea.Step3:workoutanoutlinetoarrangethedetailsorexamplesorfactsinlogicalorder.Withtheoutline,theparagraphisalmosthalf-done.WaysofDevelopingaParagraph