GrammarSubjectandverbagreement•大部分集体名词做主语时,要根据意思来决定谓语动词的形式。当强调个别成员时,谓语动词用复数形式;当强调整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。常用词有audience,army,class,company,crowd,family,government,group,population,public,team,village,school等。•1.Herfamilyisabigonewith8people,mostofwhomareworkersinthiscity.她的家庭是一个8口人的大家庭,大多数都是本市的工人。•2.Aftersupper,herfamilyusuallywatchTVandseldomgooutforawalk.•晚饭后,她一家人通常看电视,很少出去散步。•3.Whatisthepopulationofthesmallcountry?•那个小国有多少人口?•4.Over80%ofthepopulationofourcountryarefarmers.•我们国家80%的人口是农民。•5.Thevillageisfarfromhere.•那个村子离这儿很远。•6.Thewholevillageareoutgreetinghim.•全村人都出来迎接他。•主谓一致的几种特殊情况•1.Infrontofthegirlaresomeflowers.•2.Eachofushasadictionary.Weeachhaveadictionary.•4.Manya/Morethanonewayhasbeentried.Manywayshavebeentried.•5.Thereisapairofshoesleft.Therearetwopairsofshoesleft.•6.Drivingcarsiseasy.(动名词作主语一般用单数)•7.Maths/News/Physics/TheUnitedstatesis-----•10.11.Every/Noteacherandevery/nostudentiseagerforthesummervacation.•主谓一致:在英语句中,谓语受主语动支配,必须同主语在人称和数上保持一致。*名词+aswellas/nolessthan/but/except/with/like+其他名词,作主语时,谓语与前面的第一个名词一致.•*few/afew/both/many/several+名词复数/of+名词复数+V.复数*不定代词/疑问代词(something/anything/anywhere/somewhere/where/when)+V.单数语法一致原则:句子谓语动词的数取决于该句子主语的数。•主谓一致:在英语句中,谓语受主语动支配,必须同主语在人称和数上保持一致。•*名词+aswellas/nolessthan/but/except/with/like+其他名词,作主语时,谓语与前面的第一个名词一致.•Theteachertogetherwith/with/aswellashisstudentsisgoingthereonfoot.*few/afew/both/many/several+名词复数/of+名词复数+复数*不定代词/疑问代词(something/anything/anywhere/somewhere/where/when)+单数•语法一致原则:句子谓语动词的数取决于该句子主语的数。•1.“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”(---的成员)+复数•2.all/some/half/enough/twothirds+名词(单/复数)+单/复数•3.复数形式的名词:clothes/trousers/shorts(短裤)/glasses/scissors/gloves/chopsticks等+复数*计量单位(pair)+复数形式的名词+谓语取决于计量单位•意义一致原则:谓语动词的单、复数形式,取决于主语所表达的概念。1.集体名词:people/public(公共)/police/crew(船员)+复数•2.复数形式,单数意义。(news/physics/maths/politics)•3.集合名词:class/family/team/Chinese/Japanese强调总体-单数;强调个体-复数。Theclasshas45students.Theclassareplantingtreesonthehill.•4.时间、距离、价格、重量的复数名词/算式+单数Tendaysisalongtime.5.the+形容词“表一类人”+复数;Therichhavemuchmoney.Thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful6.and/both---and+复数7.oneof/eachof/noneof/eitherof/neitherof+名词+单数•8.anumber(许多)of+n+复数;thenumberof(---的数量)+n+单数•9.名词+and+名词“表同一人/物用单数”“表不同人/物用复数”ThewriterandthespeakerarefromtheUSA.•ThewriterandspeakerisfromtheUSA.就近一致原则:谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词/代词的数保持一致。1.or/not…but/either..or…/neither...nor…/notonly…butalso...+就近原则Neitherhisparentsnorhehaseverreceivedhighereducation.EitherIoryouaretoanswerfortheaccident2.Therebe+并列主语•Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.•Therearetwopencilsandapenonthedesk.主谓一致之历年高考真题及解析•1、—Howaretheteamplaying?•—They’replayingwell,butoneofthem______hurt.(北京2002春季)•A、gotB、getsC、areD、were•真题解析:本题考查主谓一致和时态的用法。首先从主谓一致入手,oneofthem为单数主语,可以先排除C和D;根据句意,“有个人受伤了”应该是一般过去时,因此答案为A。•2、Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.(上海2001)•A、number;hasB、quantity;has•C、number;haveD、quantity;have•真题解析:本题考查名词的修饰和主谓一致问题。alargenumberof修饰可数名词,所以先排除A的C项;desert为不可数名词,后面的谓语动词应该用单数has,所以正确答案是B。•3、Allthepreparationsforthetask_________,andwearereadytostart.(2000年全国春季卷)•A、completedB、complete•C、hadbeencompleted•D、havebeencompleted•真题解析:本题考查名词的主谓一致。首先,根据句意“所有的准备工作都已经做完了,我们准备开始做。”可见此处应该用现在完成时;其次,preparations为复数,即主语为复数,所以用have,故正确答案为D。•4、ItoldhimwhatIwassurprised_________hisattitudetowardshisstudy.(2000年春季上海卷)•A、isB、wasC、atisD、atwas•真题解析:本题考查主谓一致、固定搭配和从句时态的问题。besurprisedat为固定搭配,at不能省略,它后面的宾语是what;whatIsurprisedat充当told后面宾语从句的主语,是一个what引导的名词性句子,后面的谓语动词应该用单数,且和主句用一般过去时,从句对应也要用过去时。因此,正确答案是D。•5、Everypossiblemeans_______topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.(2000年春季上海卷)•A、isusedB、areused•C、hasbeenusedD、havebeenused•真题解析:本题考查主谓一致和时态问题。主语的means为单数名词,意思是“手段、方法”,因此,要先排除B和D项;根据句意“所有阻止空气污染的方法都用过了,但天空气还是不干净。”,可见,此处应该用现在完成时。因此答案应为C。•Blueisasymbolofpeace.蓝色是和平的象征。•ThecrossisthesymbolofChristianity十字架是基督教的象征。•symbol同signal和sign的区别•(1)“signal”指信号暗号和警告等•Trafficsignals交通信号•Aredlightisusuallyasignalofdanger.红灯通常是危险信号。•(2)sign表示“记号、符号”时同“symbol”互用。•mathematicalsigns数学符号•sign表示“告示、牌示”,侧重指用图画、文字表达的告示、图示。•trafficsigns交通牌示,如说明速度限制,路弯等指示牌•sign还可以为“迹象、征兆”•Darkcloudsareusuallyasignofrain乌云往往是大雨的征兆。•Davidloveshiscarverymuch.Hewilltakehiscartoagarageatthefirstsignofproblem.大卫非常爱惜车子,车子一有点小问题马上就送去修理。