Module 6 Unit 4 Grammar and usage

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Module6Unit4HelpingpeoplearoundtheworldGrammarandusageUnrealconditions:othercases虚拟语气条件从句If从句中的谓语形式主句中的谓语形式现在过去将来Revision:If虚拟语气过去时(did/were)would/could/might+V.(原)过去完成时would/could/might+have+p.p.1.过去时2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/might+V.(原)PutthefollowingintoEnglish:1.如果我有钱就不住在这破楼里了。IfIwererich,Iwouldnotliveinsuchabrokenbuilding.2.如果我昨天带钱就借给你了。3.如果我今后有钱了就会帮助更多的人。IfIhadhadmoneywithmeyesterday,Iwouldhavelentsometoyou.IfIgotrichinfuture,Iwouldhelpmorepeople.Mixedconditionals:混合虚拟语气有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致,这叫错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气,它要求从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。1.IfIhadfinishedmyhomeworklastnight,IwouldbeallowedtowatchTVnow.如果我昨晚完成了作业,现在就被允许看电视了。(从句说明过去情况,而主句说明现在情况。)2.Ifyoutoldmethetruthnow,Iwouldnotsendforyourparentstomorrow.如果你现在告诉我实话,我明天就不请你家长来了。(从句说明现在情况,主句说明将来情况。)ImpliedConditionals:含蓄虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过if条件句表达出来,而隐含在某些介词短语中,如with,without,butfor等,或者通过副词or,otherwise等上下文表示。1.Withoutyourencouragement,Iwouldn’thavesucceeded.(=Ifyouhadn’tencouragedme,Iwouldn’thavesucceededanyway.)没有你的鼓励,我不会成功的。例如:2.With(=IfIhad)moremoney,Icouldhelpmorepeopleinneed.3.Butforthe(=Iftherewerenotforthe)moneyyousentme,Iwouldstarvenow.4.Iamtoohungry,or/otherwiseIwouldnottrytoeatyou.(=IfIwerenotsohungry,Iwouldnottrytoeatyou.)Introducedbyevenif,asif/though,ifonly在evenif/though,asif/though,引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时也使用虚拟语气。与现在事实不符用一般过去时,与过去事实不符用过去完成时。例如:IwouldnevergothereevenifIweregiventhechanceto.Nicholasissmilingasifheknewnothingaboutit.MiketalksasthoughhehadbeentotheGreatWallbefore.1.看上去他们好像吃错药似的。Itlookedasiftheyhadtakensomewrongmedicine.2.我女朋友逛起街来好像永远不知道累一样。Mygirlfriendgoesshoppingasthoughsheneverfelttired.注意:上述连词也可以引导事实或者具有很大可能性是事实的从句,此时不必使用虚拟语气。例如:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Itseemsasthoughheislost.evenif/eventhough用法相同。Afterwish,wouldrather(1)在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在的事实相反用一般过去时,表示与过去的事实相反用过去完成时,表示与将来的事实相反用would,could,might加动词原形。例如:1.Iwishtherewerenowarsintheworld.2.InowwishthatIhadbookedaroomyesterday.3.Weallwishwecouldbeadmittedtoagooduniversity.(2)在wouldrather后的宾语从句中,从句谓语用一般过去时来表示与现在或将来相反的事实。如谈到过去的动作,则用过去完成时。例如:Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldmeaboutit.I’drathersheweretired.Morecases:其它常用虚拟语气形式:1.在Itis(high/about)time句中使用过去时虚拟语气或者使用“should+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气。例如:Itistimewehadarest.Itishightimeweshouldgohome.2.在名词性从句中使用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气。在suggest,insist,require,request,order,demand,recommend,propose等动词后的宾语从句,以及上述动词相应的名词形式的名词性从句中,还有Itis/wasimportant(necessary,natural,strange,surprising,etc.)that…等名词性从句中使用。例如:MycousinsuggestsI(should)domoreexercises.Mysuggestionisthathe(should)turntohisteacherforhelp.Itwassuggestedthatwe(should)holdameeting.Hemadeasuggestionthatshe(should)waitforanotherweek.Expertssuggestwe(should)notpanicwhenafirebreaksout.Itisrequiredthatstudents(should)notgototheInternetcafé.Itisnecessarythatone(should)masteraforeignlanguage.注意:当suggest作为“表明、暗示”,insist作为“坚持认为”之意使用时不用虚拟语气。例如:Thesmileonhisfacesuggeststhatheisquitesatisfied.Theboyinsistedthathewasinnocent.表示祝愿的虚拟语气:表示祝愿时常用动词原形或者是“May+主语+动词原形”的结构。例如:Godbewithyou!Mayyousucceed!用于Whatif句中:在口语中,虚拟语气经常省略主句,只保留从句。例如:WhatifIshouldfail?(完整的句子为WhatshouldIdoifIshouldfail?)Homework1.Fillintheblanksonpage57(PartB).2.Finishtheexercisesonpage125intheworkbook.

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