Writing_illustration_in-class instruction英语写作

1Illustration/ExemplificationinWriting--ParagraphDevelopmentbyExamplesLearningObjectivesEmployillustrationasapatternofdevelopmentinwritingPresentexamplesinalogicalandconvincingsequence.Identifyandevaluateexamplesinclosereading.LearningFocusOrganizingandconnectingthespecificevidence.Makingexamplesvividandrichlytextured.Identifyingdifferenttypesofexamples.Reinforcingexampleswithstatisticsortestimony.ReadingHandout:DevelopmentbyExample5RhetoricalModesOrganizationalStrategies/PatternsExampleCause/EffectComparison/contrastDefinitionClassificationProcessDescriptionNarrationArgumentationConstruction-PhrasesDirections:Fillintheboxwithwords/phrasestomakeexemplification.Forexample/instance,Asanexample/anillustration,Takesth.forexample./Takesth.asanexample.(Herewemay)takeanobviousinstance.suchaslikeAcaseinpointisthat…Acaseinpointissth.Sth.isacaseinpointThiscanbeillustratedbyThiscanbeexemplifiedbySpecifically,…,say…asacaseinpoint,…E.g.Asacaseinpoint,theyranoutoffoodandwaterhalfwaythroughthevoyage.toillustrate,…E.g.Toillustrate,wecancitetheexampleofColumbus.exemplifyProblemsareexemplifiedinthereport.Directions:Completethefollowingsentencestointroducethefirstexample:1.AnotablecaseinpointistheAsiantradition.2.Atypical/classic/prime/concrete/common/anamusing/aparticularlystrikingexampleisculture.3.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationoftheidea/viewthantheexample/factof…4.Themostextremeexample/manifestationof…is…Directions:Completethefollowingsentencestoidentifytheuniversalityofanexample:1.Thecase/situationisnotisolated/rare/unique,itisoneofmanyexamplesIhaveencountered.2.Thisisthecasenotonlyin(ourstudies)butalsoin(allwalksoflife).Directions:Completethefollowingsentencestoaddfurtherexamples:1.Thesameistrueof(learningEnglish).2.Anothercaseinpointis(acrobatics).3.Herearesomefurtherinstances.4.Inanotdissimilarway,weneedtocastoffworn-outideas.5.Tothenowfamiliarfacts,abundant/plentifulnew/furtherexamplesmaybeadded.6.Tothealreadyfamiliarevidence,agreatdealofnewproofmaybeadded.7.Wemaymention/quote/citeanotherexample.Attheendofexemplification:1.Numerousotherexamplesmightbegiveneasily,butthesesuffice.2.Instancesofthesamesortmightbemultipliedindefinitely,butthiswillsuffice.MakeexamplesvividGeneral:Givingupissomethingwecannotdo.WemustcontinuetopersevereasAmericanshavealwaysdonehistorically.Onlywhenweworkhard,canwesolveourproblems.Wemustbepositive.MakeexamplesvividSpecific:Whenwe’vebeentoldthatwe’renotready,orthatweshouldn’ttry,orthatwecan’t,generationsofAmericanshaverespondedwithasimplecreedthatsumsupthespiritofapeople:Yes,wecan.Itwasacreedwrittenintothefoundingdocumentsthatdeclaredthedestinyofanation.Yes,wecan.Itwaswhisperedbyslavesandabolitionistsastheyblazedatrialtowardfreedomthroughthedarkestofnights.Yes,wecan.(BarackObama,“Yes,Wecan”speechduringthe2008U.S.presidentialelectioncampaign)15Organizingexamplesinorderofimportance–Fromleasttomostimportant–fromleasttomostcontroversial–Fromsimplesttomostdifficult–FromleastextremetomostextremeOrganizeandConnecttheSpecificEvidence-CommonMethodsofOrganization1)Emphaticorder:“Savingthebesttilllast.”E.g.Celebritiesleadverystressfullives.Foronething,celebritiesdon’thavetheprivacyanordinarypersondoes.Inaddition,celebritiesareunderconstantpressure.Mostimportant,celebritiesmustdealwiththestressofbeinginconstantdanger.BriefexampleLOGO17Examplesinclude:personalexperience(narration,anecdote)hypotheticalexamplesresearchandstudiesstatisticspeertestimonyexperttestimonyDifferenttypesofexamplesLOGO18Usingaphonewhiledrivingcausestoomanydangerousaccidentstohappen.peopleusingthemhavebeenknowntodosomereallystupidthingsintraffic.Driversusingphonesareconstantlycausingproblemsforotherdrivers;pedestriansareinbigtroublefromthesepeopletoo.Ithinkthisisgettingtobeareallydangeroussituation,andweoughttodosomethingaboutitsoon.AparagraphunderdevelopedwithgeneralitiesLOGO19Althoughcellphonesareatime-savingconvenienceforbusypeople,theyaretoodistractingforusebydriversofmovingvehicles,whoselackoffullattentionposesaseriousthreattootherdriversandtopedestrians.Thesimpleactofdialingoransweringaphone,forexamplemaytakeadriver’seyesawayfromtrafficsignalsorothercars.Moreover,involvementinacomplexoremotionalconversationcouldslowdownadriver’sresponsetimejustwhenfastactionisneededtoavoidanaccident.(tobecontinued)ExtendedExampleWell-developedparagraphwithsupportingexamplesanddetailshypotheticalexampleLOGO20LastweekIdrovebehindamanusinghisphone.Ashedroveandtalked,Icouldseehimgesturingwildly,obviouslyagitatedwiththeothercaller.Hisspeedrepeatedlyslowedandthenpickedup,slowedandincreased,andhiscardriftedmorethanonce,onastreetfrequentlycrossedbyschoolchildren.Becausethemanwasclearlynotinfull,consciouscontrolofhisdriving,hewasdangerous.isolated;arecentstudybytheFoundationforTrafficSafetyhasdiscoveredthatusingacellphoneisfarmoredistractingtothedriversthanlisteningtotheradioortalkingtoarider.Withadditionalstudiesinprogress,votersshouldsoonbeabletodemandlegislationtorestrictphoneusetopassen