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I射频微带阵列天线设计摘要微带天线是一种具有体积小、重量轻、剖面低、易于载体共形、易于与微波集成电路一起集成等诸多优点的天线形式，目前已在无线通信、遥感、雷达等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。同时研究也发现由于微带天线其自身结构特点，存在一些缺点，例如频带窄、增益低、方向性差等。通常将若干单个微带天线单元按照一定规律排列起来组成微带阵列天线，来增强天线的方向性，提高天线的增益。本文在学习微带天线和天线阵的原理和基本理论，加以分析，利用Ansoft公司的高频电磁场仿真软件HFSS，设计了中心频率在10GHz的4元均匀直线微带阵列，优化和调整了相关参数，然后分别对单个阵元和天线阵进行仿真，对仿真结果进行分析，对比两者在相关参数的差异。最后得到的研究结果表明，微带天线阵列相较于单个微带天线，由于阵元间存在互耦效应以及存在馈电网络的影响，微带阵列天线的回波损耗要大于单个阵元。但是天线阵列增益明显大于单个微带天线，且阵列天线比单个阵元具有更好的方向性。关键词：微带天线微带阵列天线方向性增益HFSS仿真DesignofRadio-FrequencyMicrostripArrayAntennaABSTRACTMicrostripantennaisakindofantennaformwithmanyadvantageslike,smallsize,lightweight,lowprofile,easy-to-carrierconformal,easyintegrationwithmanyotherofmicrowaveintegratedcircuitsandsoon.NowmicrostriparrayhavebeenwildlyappliedinthefiledofwirelessIIcommunications,remotesensingandradar,andmanyotherfiled.Whilesomestudyalsofoundthatbecauseofthemicrostripantenna’sstructuralcharacteristics,therearesomedisadvantages,suchasnarrow-band,lowgain,poordirectivity.Typicallyweusemicrostripantennaelementsarrangedinaccordancewithcertainlawstogethertoformamicrostriparrayantennatoenhancethedirectivityandimprovethegainoftheantenna.Inthispaper,afterlearningthebasictheoryandprinciplesaboutmicrostripantennaandantennaarray,Idesignedtwokindofantennamodelswith10GHzofcenterfrequency,oneisthesingleantenna,theotheroneisanantennaarraywith4singleantenna.ThenusingAnsoft'shighfrequencyelectromagneticsimulationsoftwareHFSS,optimizeandadjusttherelevantparameters.Afterthat,weusedtheHFSStosimulatethesinglearrayelementandanantennaarrayseparately.Thenanalyzedthesimulationresults,comparedtothedifferenceintherelevantparameters.Theresultingsuggestedthatbecauseofthepresenceofmutualcouplingeffectsandtheimpactofthepresenceofthefeednetworkbetweenthepickets,thereturnlossofmicrostripantennaarrayisgreaterthanthesinglemicrostripantennaarray,butantennagainissignificantlylargerthanasinglearrayantenna,andtheantennaarrayhasabetterdirectivitythanthesinglemicrostripantenna.IIIKeywords:MicrostripArrayMicrostripArrayAntennaDirectivityGainHFSSSimulationIV目录摘要...................................................................................................................................................I第一章绪论.............................................................................................................................11.1微带天线.......................................................................................................................11.2微带天线阵...................................................................................................................11.3设计目标和内容安排................................................................................................2第二章微带天线和微带阵列天线的基本原理..............................................42.1微带天线的基本原理................................................................................................42.1.1微带天线的辐射机理....................................................................................42.1.2微带天线的馈电.............................................................................................42.1.3微带天线的分析方法....................................................................................62.2微带阵列天线原理分析............................................................................................72.3天线的性能参数分析................................................................................................9第三章微带阵元天线设计.........................................................................................113.1阵元设计.....................................................................................................................113.1.1介质基片的选取...........................................................................................113.1.2计算微带贴片的尺寸..................................................................................113.1.3馈电与阻抗匹配...........................................................................................123.2HFSS软件简介及设计步骤....................................................................................133.3微带阵列天线阵元的仿真过程............................................................................143.3.1设计阵元模型并仿真分析.........................................................................144.3天线阵元的总结分析..............................................................................................18第四章微带阵列天线的设计......................................................................................204.1阵元间距的选取........................................................................................................204.2并联式馈电网络设计..............................................................................................214.3微带阵列天线的仿真结果及其分析...................................................................224.4微带阵列天线的总结分析.....................................................................................25第五章设计结论和工作总结......................................................................................26参考文献.................................................................................................