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语法储备语法专题训练部分专题十定语从句单句语法填空综合演练01语法储备一、定语从句(一)关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who指人的词主语、宾语whom指人的词宾语whose指人或物的词定语that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词reason原因状语例：Thepeoplewhocalledyesterdaywanttobuythehouse.Theauthor(whom)youcriticizedhaswrittenaletterinreply.Doyouknowthegirlwhosefatherisadoctor?ThepersonthatyoutalkedaboutjustnowisMr.Liu.Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Tomwaslateforworkagainthismorning，whichmadethebossangry.Asisknowntoall，Chinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)Ifirstcametothisschool.Thisisthesmallvillagewhere(inwhich)hewasborn.Thereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.注意：作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但在介词后作宾语的关系代词不可以省略；关系副词一般可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。(二)关系代词that与which的用法区别1．只用that的情况(1)当先行词既有人也有物时。例：Icanstillremembertheteacherandhislessonsthatgivemeamostlastingimpression.(2)先行词前有序数词，theonly，thelast，thevery(恰恰，正好)，any，few，little，no，all或形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时。例：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveseen.(3)当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。例：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?(4)当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句，或有一个定语从句已经由which引导时。例：Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory，whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.2．只用which的情况(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只能用which(指人时用whom)。例：ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied10yearsago.(2)在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用which。例：Themeetingwasputoff，whichwasactuallywhatwewanted.(3)当先行词本身就是that时。例：What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?(三)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题：1．介词的确定该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands？(根据shakehandswith...确定)Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(根据先行词的需要确定，即throughthetelescope)2．关系代词的使用介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不用that。指物时用which，指人时用whom，作定语时用whose。例：Thefactoryinwhichheonceworkedistorndown.ThewomantowhomItalkedjustnowismyEnglishteacher.Lastmonth，partoftheprovincewasstruckbyfloods，fromwhoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.3．“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”结构“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语说明整体中的一部分。例：Chinahasalotofislands，oneofwhichisTaiwan.Therearealotofstudentshere，noneofwhomlikethefilm.4．“名词＋ofwhich”结构“名词＋ofwhich”常代替“whose＋名词”在定语从句中作定语。例：Isawsometrees，theleavesofwhich(＝whoseleaves)wereblackwithdisease.Hementionedabook，thetitleofwhich(＝whosetitle)I'veforgotten.5．“介词＋关系代词”结构的省略当主从句主语一致时，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句可以省略成“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”结构。例：IhaveacomputerwithwhichIcanlookformuchinformation.→Ihaveacomputerwithwhichtolookformuchinformation.(四)which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。1．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。例：Ifailedagaininthematch，whichwasagreatpity.Aswehadexpected，heopposedtheplan.2．which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如”。例：Hesoldhisbicycle，whichsurprisedme.Asweknow，smokingisharmfultoourhealth.＝Smokingisharmfultoourhealth，asweknow.注意：有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有thesame，as，such，so等词修饰。3．which引导的此类定语从句，与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。例：Jimisaddictedtocomputergames，whichupsetshisparentsverymuch.温示提馨请做：02单句语法填空温示提馨请做：03综合演练