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第二部分语法专题专题十定语从句一、关系词的用法1．whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.Theoldtemplewhoseroofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature，who，forsomereason，hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.3．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。You'llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstationwhichyoucanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.4．关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersisterwhereshewouldstayforanhour.ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.易错提示：先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。Rememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.She'sinahopelesssituation,wherewewillkeepaverycloseeyeonher.5．theway后面定语从句的关系词在定语从句中，theway是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是inwhich，that或省略关系词；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。Thewaythat/whichIthoughtoftosolvethisproblemprovestobepractical.(先行词作宾语)Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)yousolvetheproblem.(先行词作方式状语)二、“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句1．在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，介词的宾语只能是which或whom且不可省略。Helivedinabighouse，infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.2．“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构。Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.3．“of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Inourclassthereare46students，ofwhomhalfwearglasses.三、as,which引导的定语从句1．as引导的定语从句用在thesame...as，such...as，as...as，so...as结构中，as可以作主语、宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词。TheycouldonlyreadsuchstoriesashadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.(as作主语)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.(as作宾语)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(as作表语)易错提示：(1)such...as...(定语从句)像……那样such...that......(状语从句)如此……以至于……ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.(定语从句)ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.(状语从句)(2)thesame...as...表示相似的东西thesame...that...表示同一人或物ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.ThisisthesameknifethatIlost.2．关系代词as，which的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace，whichhassurprisedusall.(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。Asisknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.＝Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(名词性从句)＝Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(名词性从句)(3)as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。Awarissocruelthatitalwayscausesgreatlosses,ashashappenedinLibya.Tomhasmaderapidprogress，whichmakesmeveryhappy.四、分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时候也会被插入语、同位语、状语、谓语或其他定语等成分分隔。如果是隔开了的定语从句，则要先根据句意找到先行词，然后再进行句子结构分析。Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonewhenlocal5starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.针对训练Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空(每空一词)1．Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplace________hehadvisitedinthatcountry.2．Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.3．Peoplecanenjoythemoonwhileeatingmooncakes,________arethespecialfoodforthisfestival.4．Nowadaysparentshavedoneeverythingfortheirsinglechildren,________makesthechildrenrelyontheirparentsbadly.5．________youknow,ChineseknotsareverypopularwithChinesepeople.6．Sheisinahopelesssituation,________wewillkeepaverycloseeyeonher.7．Lasttermourmathsteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblem________noneofusworkedout.8．Thereason________peoplecelebratethefestivalisthattheybelieveitisthetime________themoonisatitsfullestandbrightestinthewholeyear,andpeoplewillgathertogethereatingmooncakesandappreciatingthefullmoon.9．Janeinvitedagreatmanypeopletotheparty,mostof________wereherclassmates.10．Thereason________Idon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.11．MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,________madeoneoftheChinesepeople'slonghelddreamscometrue.12．Myteacheradvisedmetorepeatthematerialsseveraltimesandreadthemaloud,________hethinkswillhelpimprovemymemory.13．Iwillneverforgetthedays________weworkedinthesmalltown.14．ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,after________shewenttohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.15．Hefailedthejobinterview,________cameasasurprisetome.答案1.that2.whose3.which4.which5.As6.where7.as8.why;when9.whom10.why11.which12.which13.when14.which15.whichⅡ.用which,as填空1.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaTshirt，________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.2.WhenIlookedintotheireyes,Ifoundtheydidn'tcare，________toldmeitwouldbeuseless.ButwhenIlookedintoyours,Isawkindness.3.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.4.________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.5.________ismentionedabove,paperisfirstmadeinChina.6.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,________，ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.7.________isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.8.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,________wehadn'texpected.答案1.which2.which3.which4.As5.As6.which7.As8.which/asⅢ.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的关系词)Doyouknowtheman__1__wrotethisbook?HewasJason,oneoftheengineers__2__camefromRussiainthe1950s.Heworkedinthesamefactory__3__myfatheronceworked.WhenhecametoChina,thefirstthing__4__hedidwastovisitthefactory__5__didresearchontroll