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Unit3菜系：Cuisines[kwi'zi:n]菜系，也称“帮菜”，是指在选料、切配、烹饪等技艺方面，经长期演变而自成体系，具有鲜明的地方风味特色，并为社会所公认的中国的菜肴流派。我国的菜系，是指在一定区域内，由于气候、地理、历史、物产及饮食风俗的不同，经过漫长历史演变而形成的一整套自成体系的烹饪技艺和风味，并被全国各地所承认的地方菜肴。菜肴在烹饪中有许多流派。鲁、川、苏、粤四大菜系形成历史较早，后来，浙、闽、湘、徽等地方菜也逐渐出名，于是形成了我国的“八大菜系”。ChineseEightRegionalCuisines中国八大菜系ChinesecuisineincludesavarietyofdifferentflavorsduetoChina'svastgeographyanddiversenationalities.Localdisheswiththeirowndistinctivenesscanberoughlydividedintoeightregionalcuisines.SichuanCuisine:Sichuan,bothspicyandpungent,isoneofthemostfamousChinesecuisinesintheworld.川菜：四川的麻辣是世界上最著名的中国菜系之一。GuangdongCuisine:Guangdongcuisineiscreativewithanemphasisonartisticpresentation.Thecuisineisconsideredlight,crisp,andfresh.粤菜：主要强调在菜的摆式上，口味特点是爽、淡、脆、鲜。ZhejiangCuisine:MadeupofHanzhou,NingboandShaoxingCuisines,Zhejiangisenjoyedforitsfreshness,tenderness,andmellow['meləu]fragrance['freiɡrəns].浙菜：由杭州菜、宁波菜和绍兴菜组成，因其鲜嫩和口味清香而享誉盛名。JiangsuCuisine:AlsocalledHuaiyang,Jiangsuusesseafoodasitsmainingredient[in'ɡri:diənt]andisknownforcarving['kɑ:viŋ]techniquesandalight,freshandsweetflavor.苏菜：江苏又名淮阳，菜肴以海鲜为主要原料，同样因其做工精美和口味清淡、香甜而出名。AnhuiCuisine:AnhuiCuisinefocusesoncookingtemperature,braising[breiziŋ],andstewing['stju:iŋ].Hamsareusedtoimprovetasteandsugarcandyforfreshness.皖菜：主要强调烹饪的火候，还有炖和焖。一般加点火腿调味，或是加点使口味更清新。FujianCuisine:AcombinationofFuzhou,Quanzhou,andXiamenCuisine,Fujianischaracterizedbyapickled,sweet&sourtasteandbrightcolors.闽菜：结合福州菜、泉州菜和厦门菜的特色，口味以甜酸咸香为主，色美味鲜。ShandongCuisine:AcombinationofJinanandJiaodong,Shandongischaracterizedbyanemphasisonfreshness,aroma[ə'rəumə],andcrispness.鲁菜：由济南和胶东两部分地方风味组成，注重鲜香和清脆爽口。HunanCuisine:IncludinglocalcuisinesofXiangjiangRegion,DongtingLakeandXiangxicoteau,Hunanisknownforitsuseofchili['tʃili],pepper['pepə]andshallot[ʃə'lɔt],andapungent['pʌndʒənt]flavor.湘菜：包括湘江流域、洞庭湖区和湘西山区的菜肴，以善用红辣椒、胡椒粉和香葱以及辛辣而闻名。烹饪的方法：八大菜系组成的二十四种制作工艺炒fry、stir-fry爆quick-fry熘sauté['səutei]炸fry烹cook、boil煎simmer['simə]inwater、fryinshallowoil烧bake、heat、roast焖braise，stew炖stew蒸steam汆quick-boil煮cook/boil/stew烩braise炝cookinsoy，vinegar['viniɡə]，thenquicklyinhotoil腌salt，pickle拌stirandmix烤bake，roast卤stewinsoysauce冻freeze拔丝Crispfryingwithsyrup['sirəp,'sə:-]蜜汁honeydew熏bacon卷rollup，curly常见菜名：粉蒸肥肠steamedhoglargeintestines萝卜红烧肉braisedporkwithporkturnip鱼香茄子friedeggplantwithgroundpork芋头排骨汤ribsoupwithtaro家常豆腐beancurdwithvegetable炒时蔬fryvegetable蚂蚁上树beanthreadswithvegetables餐桌礼仪tablemanners、tableetiquette['etiket]1.Admissionetiquette.2.whenthemeal.餐桌英语It'sonme.(我请客。)It'smytreat.(我请客。)Bemyguest.（我请客。)用(Here‘s)to...表示：1.Here‘stoyourhealth/success.为你的健康/成功干杯！2.Here’stoourfriendship！为我们的友谊干杯！3.Here'stoTomforhisnewjob!为汤姆的新工作干杯!youwouldnodoubtbeinterestedinChinesecooking.你一定喜欢中国菜。Dinnerisready.Pleasecometothetable.饭菜好了，请入席。Whatwouldyouliketodrink?你要喝什么？Mr.Taylor,whichdoyouprefer,beerorwine?Mr.Taylor,你要啤酒还是葡萄酒。Wouldn‘tyoucareforsomethingalittlestronger?你不介意喝点烈酒吧？Here'stoourfriendshipandtoyourhealth,Cheers!为我们的友谊和您的健康，干杯！Ah,herecometheeggrolls.Ah，上春卷儿了。Ittastesbestwhentakenpipinghot.趁热吃好吃。Havesomemore,please请再来点儿。TothesuccessofyourGuangzhoutrip!为你的广州之行成功干杯！Mayihelpyougetsomepiecesofsweetandsourfish?我给你夹点糖醋鱼吧。Nomore,thankyou,i‘mreallyfull.够了，谢谢，我真饱了。I‘mafraidi’vehadmorethanenough.我吃的太饱啦Mayifillyourglassagain?要再给你加点酒吗？Trysomeofthecolddishes.吃点凉菜吧。Anothercourseiscomingup.另一道菜上来了。Justhelpyourselftowhateveryou'dlike.请随便挑你喜欢的吃。Haveyougotatablefortwo,please?请问您有两个人的桌子吗？Haveyoubookedatable?您预定餐桌了吗？Haveyoumadeareservation?您预定了吗？smokingornon-smoking?吸烟区还是非吸烟区？Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?您想喝什么？Wouldyouliketoseethemenu?您需要看菜单吗？CouldIhavethebill,please?请拿账单来，好吗？Howwouldyouliketopay?请问您怎样付款？eatinghouse饮食店canteen(机关单位和军队里的)食堂dininghall大餐厅,食堂refectory(学校里的)餐厅[ri'fektəri]每一组的同学，请列出10个常见的或者自己喜欢的蔬菜名，水果名，肉类名，小吃名，汤菜名，调料名每组设计一个菜谱，用于对话之中。