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猜测词义高中英语阅读理解解题技巧（一）柳丽1.主旨大意2.细节理解3.猜测词义4.推理判断5.篇章结构6.观点态度题型及解题技巧阅读理解猜测词义猜测词义题：单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是历年高考中的必考题型，主要考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境（各种已知信息）来判断。考纲解读1.对考纲外生词的猜测Theunderlinedwordcultivated(paragraph1)roughlymeans______.2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans4.对句义的猜测WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend3.对代词的猜测Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto______.命题角度Ifyoucomeacrossnewwords,expressionsandsentenceswhenreading,•Ignorethemandcontinuereading•Lookthemupinthedictionary•Guessthemeaning1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文定义法（Definition）利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义，由于作者知道某个词读者可能不认识，便在句中给该词下个定义以帮助读者理解。下定义是最容易辨认的一种语境线索，定义法的信号词多为:be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,,thatistosay,inotherwords,represent,signify等；一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。1Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.2Abiographyisthestoryofaperson’slifewrittenbysomeoneelse.4Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.3Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.蚊子传记易碎的，脆的牧羊人·Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.◎Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.木匠动物学家脊椎动物青春期猜测词义题常用的提问方式1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.5.Findawordinthepassageclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“…”.......Readthefollowingpassagesandseeifyouunderstandrthewordsorphrasesthatmaybenewtoyou:Passage1Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.1.Accelerationisthenamefor_______.A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplaneC.asteadyspeedD.anincreaseinspeedPassage2Atornadocandoalotofdamage.Thewindofatornadorushesatgreatspeedaroundafunnel-shapedcloud.Ittravelsinapathafewhundredfeetwideandabouttwenty-fivemileslong.Asthewindcircles,thefunnelspiralshigherandhigher.2Atornadoisa_______.A.rainstormB.duststormC.greatcirclewindD.hugefunnelofwaterPassage3STOCKHOLM—ASwedeandtwoAmericanswonthe2000NobelPrizeformedicineonOct.9forstudiesonhowmessagesmovearoundthenervoussystem.ThediscoverymakesitpossibletodevelopdrugsagainstParkinson’sdiseaseandschizophrenia.ArvidCarlsonofSwedenandPaulGreengardandEricKandeloftheUnitedStatessharethefirstprizeofthemillennium,worthnearlyUS$1million,fortheirdiscoveries,Sweden’sKarlinskaInstitutesaid.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“schizophrenia”probablymean?A.akindofillnessB.anewdiscoveryC.anameofasubjectD.anewdrugPassage4NewYork:whenthefirstjetstruck1WorldTradeCenterat8:48amonTuesday,thepeoplein2WorldTradeCenterwithaviewoftheinstantdamageacrossthedividehadtheclearestsenseofwhatthey,too,mustdo:getoutfast….Amongtheuncertaintyaboutwhatwasthebestthingtodo,formalannouncementsinsidethesouthtowerinstructedpeopletostayput,tellingthemthatthebuildingwasingoodconditionandthethreatwaslimitedtotheothertower.4.Theunderlinedwords“stayput”means______.A.tokeepsilentB.toleaveatonceC.tostayinthebuildingD.toputeverythingbackandthenleavePassage5Alltheathletestrytobeattheclosingceremony.Theyhaveforgottenalltheirfearsandworries.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhavedonewellornot.Alltheteamswalkroundthestadiumtogether.Everybodyinthevillageclearsupandgetsreadytoleave.Everyoneishuntingforlocalproducts.Peopleexchangetracksuits,hats,runningvestandsoon.Thereisalastchancetotakephotographsandgetaddressesofnewfriends.Theneachteamstartsitsjourneyhome.•5.Theunderlinephrase“clearsup”intheparagraphmeans______.•A.packsupB.goesaway•C.makesclearD.doesthecleaning