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名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause一、名词性从句之---主语从句1.主语从句：相当于主语的句子•Whowillgomakesnodifference.•Whathesaidisnottrue.•Whetherhecomesornotisuncertain.•Whetherwewillgoforapicnictomorrowdependsontheweather.•Thatthewoundedsoldierisstillaliveisawonder.•2.引导主语从句的词：•连接词：that,whether•连接代词：what(ever),who(ever),which(ever)，whose(ever),whom(ever)•连接副词：when,where,how,why充当主语/宾语/定语等起连接作用不充当成分充当状语表时间、地点、方式、原因Thatweareinvitedtotheconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.Whetherthemeetingwillbeheldisstillaproblem.Whattheyneedisagoodtextbook.Whowillpresideoverthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.•Whenyourunclewillarrivewasnotmentionedinhisletter.•Wherethepainterisfromisunknowntousall.•Howwe’llsolvetheproblemshouldbediscussedagain.•Whyyouwenttherealonemustbeexplainedtous.连接副词：when,where,how,why引导的主语从句•3.it做形式主语•ThatweshouldmasterEnglishwellisimportant.•ItisimportantthatweshouldmasterEnglishwell.•Whowillbesenttothefronthasn’tbeendecidedyet.•Ithasn’tbeendecidedyetwhowillbesenttothefront.•常见的固定句型：A.It+be+adj(important/essential/natural/necessary)+thatsb.shoulddosth.•It+be+adj(amazing/clear/certain…)+that从句•Itiscertainthatwewilldoagoodjob.(Thereisnopossibility/importance/necessitythat…)B.It+be+n(apity/afact/agoodidea/anhonor/amystery/apleasure/ashame/awonder/achallenge…)+从句It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsayingthat…(俗话说)Itisstillamysteryhowtheprisonerescaped.Itisstillaquestionwhetherwecangothere.It’snowonderthathewinsthegame.•C.it+be+p.p(known/said/reported/believed/suggested/stressed…)+从句•Itisknowntoallthatheartattackisterrible.•Itisreportedthathehaswonthebet.•(It’ssaid/reportedthat...据说/据报道…)It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已经通知/宣布…以上三种句型表建议，要求，责任，义务，或愿望从句谓语常用should+do,should可以省略。一坚持insist二命令ordercommand三建议advisesuggestpropose四要求requirerequestdemanddesire•Itissuggestedthatyou(should)takeit.•Itisnecessarythatyoushouldstop.D.Itoccurstosb.that…(某人)想起…E.g.ItoccurredtomesuddenlythatIhadmethimsomewhere.•Itseems/appearsthat…看起来，好像是…•Ithappensthat…碰巧…•Itmatters……有重要意义•IthappenedthatIwaslateforschool.•Itmatterswhetherhewillacceptourinvitation.1、宾语从句动词介词宾语从句的引导词引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether连接代词what(ever),who(ever),which(ever)，whose(ever),whom(ever)连接副词when，where，how(以及how构成的词组)，why等。二、宾语从句TheObjectClausePs：时态1.Hesaidthathemissedusverymuch.2.Theteachertoldusthat_____________.(地球围绕太阳转）2.由从属连词if/whether引导的宾从Iwanttoknow_____________________（他是否和我们一起去公园）Idon’tknow______________（是否要下雨）if/wetherhewillgototheparkwithuswhetheritisgoingtorainornot注：1、whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if2、表示“是否”后接动词不定式时用whether(whethertodosth.)3、宾语从句是否定句时一般用if引导4、放在介词后面只用whether.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导的宾从•Heasked_____________________？(他们在等谁)•Pleasetellus___________________.（我们什么时候开会）whomtheywerewaitingforwhenwe’llhaveameeting?4.带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句1.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?2.Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?3.Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?4.Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.5.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool.6.Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?5.“疑问词+ever”whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,whosever引导宾语从句I’llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee.Helikestomakesfriendswithwhoevershareshishobbies.注意否定的转移:主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上Idon’tthinkthatthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tsupposethatitistrue.一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?•一Ibelieveso.•Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)1.表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。Thequestioniswhowilldoit.系动词表语从句2.（系动词）+引导词+简单句WhatIwanttosayisthatIamtired.引导词表语从句三、PredicativeClauses表语从句连接词:that/whether(if不引导表语从句)/asif/asthough连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词:when/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.That’swhyIwaslate.ThereasonisthatIhaveneverforgottenhim.四、同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明名词的具体内容。3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion…4.连接词that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how连接词that引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,不可省略.Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.Thereisnodoubtthatthepricesofcarswillgodown.只用whether引导,不用if，而且whether不充当成分。这个问题是否正确还未被证实.Theproblem________itisrighthasn’tbeenproved.连接词whether引导的同位语从句whether连接词代词what/which/who引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个.1.Thequestion_____shouldgoabroadhasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Ihavenoidea______oneIshouldchoose.whichwho(定语)(主)在从句中充当成分连接词副词when/where/why/how引导的同位语从句1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.I’vegotagoodidea_____theyleftearly.2.Thequestion_______weshouldgohasnotbeendecided.whywhere1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirpar