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写作技巧点拨系列(一)学好五种基本句型,搞定简单句【核心点拨】文章由句子组成,写好句子是写作的基础。英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但不外乎五种基本句式。这五种基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。下面我们就结合例句(例句大都选自近年来全国各地高考英语书面表达参考范文),来具体学习一下。1.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)这是英语中一个最基本的句型。例如:Englishisveryuseful.除了系动词be外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,如表感觉的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等;表转变或变化的动词become,get,grow,turn,go等;表延续的动词remain,keep,seem,hold,stay等;表瞬时的动词come,fall,set,cut,occur等。在这个句型中,表语可以是形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或个别副词等。例如:Nowadays,after-classactivitiesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinhighschools.(表语为动名词)(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Iwillbetwenty-eightyearsoldbythen.(表语为名词)Mydreamistostudyabroad.(表语为不定式)2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)在这一句型中,谓语是不及物动词,所以其后不接宾语。但可以接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等作状语。例如:I’mwritingtoaskforhelp.(2014·江西高考)Inthecomingthreeyears,yourschoollifewillbechallenging.Morethan100,000peoplediedperyearbecauseofpassivesmoking.3.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)在这一句型中,谓语是及物动词,其后接宾语。作宾语的可以为:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。例如:(2014·四川高考)Letmesharemythoughtsandfeelingsaboutmycollegeentranceexamination.(宾语为名词)OnMay12,2008,asevereearthquakedestroyedalmosteverythingintheschool,leavingbadly-damagedbuildings.(宾语为代词)Ienjoyreadingclassicbooks.(宾语为动名词)Idon’tthink(that)thiskindofactionisright.(宾语为从句)4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)在这一句型中,谓语动词(或由动词构成的短语)不仅是及物动词,而且还要接两个宾语,即一个指人的间接宾语,一个指物的直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。例如:Thepictureshowsusatouchingmoment.(2014·湖北高考)AmanimmediatelyrushedtothegirltogiveherfirstaidandIjoinedinwithouthesitation.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C)此结构中的宾语后需跟上宾语补足语意思才完整,宾语与宾语补足语构成复合宾语。能够作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、带to和不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。例如:(2014·湖南高考)Traditionalwaterbottlemakesitinconvenientfortravelerstohaveacomfortabledrinkanytimeandanywhere.(不定式作宾语补足语)Toomanyreadyanswersonlinemakeuslessexcitedinfindingthetruth.(形容词作宾语补足语)【即时应用】1.用下面所给的动词作谓语,按要求完成下面句子leave①They________(将离开)tomorrow.(主谓)②Theboy_______________(把书落在这里)yesterday.(主谓宾)③Tomalways____________________________(做不完作业)atnight.(主谓宾宾补)④Hisgrandfather____________________(留给儿子一所大房子)afterhisdeath.(主谓间宾直宾)willleavelefthisbookhereleaveshishomeworkunfinishedlefthissonabighousehelp⑤Doesthis____(有用)?(主谓)⑥Whowill________(帮助你)tomorrow?(主谓宾)⑦Jackoften_______________________(帮助别人做作业).(主谓宾宾补)write⑧We______________(用钢笔写字).(主谓)⑨Sheoften____________(写报告)foranewspaper.(主谓宾)⑩She_______________(给我写信)lastweek.(主谓间宾直宾)helphelpyouhelpsothersdohomeworkwritewithpenswritesreportwrotemealetterget⑪He_________(得到一本书)yesterday.(主谓宾)⑫Canyou____________________(给我一些面包)?(主谓直宾间宾)⑬Thedays________________(变长)insummer.(主系表)gotabookgetsomebreadformearegettinglonger2.按要求完成句子①Shegavemehertelephonenumber.(同义句转换)→Shegave___________________to___.②I’llmakeyousomefreshtea.(同义句转换)→I’llmakesomefreshtea___you.③Idon’tknowwhattodo.(同义句转换)→Idon’tknow_______________.④请允许我解释一下。Permitme_________.hertelephonenumbermeforwhatIshoulddotoexplain⑤我看见她正在跑步。Isawher_______.⑥我听到有人叫我的名字。Iheardmyname______.⑦我喜欢听这首歌。Ienjoy__________thesong.⑧她经常把小弟弟惹哭,但今天她却被小弟弟惹哭了。Sheusuallymadeherlittlebrother___,buttodayshewas__________byherlittlebrother.runningcalledlisteningtocrymadetocry